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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目,石家庄铁道大学 2020 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块,重点考查学术英语理解、语言转换与主题表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解,供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析,可通过页面顶部栏目选购,助力高效备考。
Fifty years ago, an American astronomer called Frank Drake started to search for signals coming from alien civilizations. Paul Davies, a British physicist, examines in a new book why it might be that mankind has not heard from extraterrestrials, the significance of this lack of response, whether might yet make contact and how people might react to them. The short answer is: no one knows.
The universe is immense, which makes many scientists confident that life might have evolved elsewhere. Perhaps, concedes Mr. Davies, but for life to signal its existence, it must be intelligent, which whittles things down a bit, and it must have developed science, which further slims the chances. Moreover, because the universe is so vast, it takes years for signal traveling at the speed of light to reach only as far as the next star to our sun.
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What can we conclude from the first paragraph?
A) People got signals from alien civilizations.
B) Aliens have already made contact with the human.
C) We are not certain about the existence of aliens.
D) People know how to react to aliens.
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What does the word "concede" (Line 2, Para. 2) mean?
A) To suggest friendly.
B) To acknowledge reluctantly.
C) To give away.
D) To approve thoroughly.
随着劳动力代际之间的差异越来越明显,这些差异对工作场所造成的影响也越来越大。不同年龄组的人,在视角、工作习惯和交流方式方面,难以相互理解。
- 考点定位:本题考查细节推理,是阅读理解部分的核心考点,考查对段落核心信息的精准提炼。
- 答案详解:第一段明确提到 “人类尚未收到外星人的信号”“关于是否会接触、如何回应等问题,简短答案是:没人知道”,由此可推断 “我们无法确定外星人是否存在”,故选 [C]。
[A]“人类收到了外星文明的信号”、[B]“外星人已与人类取得联系” 均与 “尚未收到信号” 相悖;[D]“人们知道如何回应外星人” 与 “没人知道” 矛盾,故排除。
- 考点定位:本题考查词义推断,是阅读理解部分的基础考点,考查对语境中词汇含义的精准判断。
- 答案详解:前文提到 “许多科学家相信其他地方可能演化出生命”,后文转折 “但生命要发出存在信号,必须具备智慧和科学发展能力,这会降低可能性”。“concede” 前后语义存在转折,结合语境,指戴维斯先生 “勉强承认” 科学家的观点,故选 [B]。
[A]“友好建议”、[C]“赠送;放弃”、[D]“完全赞同” 均不符合前后转折的语义逻辑,故排除。
As the intergenerational differences in the labor force become increasingly obvious, the impact of these differences on the workplace is also growing. People from different age groups find it difficult to understand each other in terms of perspectives, work habits and communication styles.
- 考点定位:本题考查社科类文本汉译英,核心考查句式连贯、短语精准及逻辑衔接,是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解:
- 短语精准:“劳动力代际之间的差异” 译为 “intergenerational differences in the labor force”;“越来越明显” 译为 “become increasingly obvious”;“视角、工作习惯和交流方式” 译为 “perspectives, work habits and communication styles”,符合英文表达习惯。
- 句式优化:将中文两个分句整合为英文复合句,前半句用 “as” 引导时间状语从句,后半句用 “people from different age groups” 作主语,“find it difficult to” 结构使表达更简洁流畅,避免直译的生硬。
- 逻辑连贯:用 “these differences” 指代前文 “代际差异”,确保语义衔接自然,符合英文指代规范。
以上仅为石家庄铁道大学 2020 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析,可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节推理与词义推断、翻译的精准表达及写作的逻辑构建,建议结合完整真题强化专项训练,提升应试能力。
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