东南大学 2005 年博士研究生入学考试试题

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考试科目：英语 考试时间：2005 年 3 月
招生专业：全校各专业 研究方向：各研究方向
Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)
Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably
complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the
ANSWER SHEET.
41. That Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______ of folk arts. A.
heritage B. heredity C. heroism D. hermitage
42. As for the missing funds, the company manager, when demanded to give an
explanation, could not even come up with a ______ one. A. plaintive B. pervasive
C. perpetual D. plausible
43. The government's policies in the past five years have shown a(n) ______ in
emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants' livelihood. A. exaltation B.
coherence C. agony D. behavior
44. The Chinese world diving champion was ______ from the national team, which news
has been front-page report in the country for several days. A. displayed B. dispersed
C. disarmed D. dismissed
45. A comet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system ______. A. into its
appearance B. off its appearance C. by its appearance D. to its appearance
46. ______ of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin tried hard to make the
periodical popular. A. As owner and editor B. While was owner and editor C.
Having being owner and editor D. To be owner and editor
47. ______ the First World War, the United States became the dominant force in the
motion-picture industry. A. It was during the advent under B. With the advent of C.
To follow the advent in D. Upon the advent at
48. He had no alternative but ______ to fight in the Middle East. A. to go B. go C.
going D. went
49. Shall we request that the manager ______ our suggestion again? A. consider B.
considers C. should consider D. must consider
50. He has little trouble ______ the tires of his car. A. to fix B. fix C. fixing D.
with fixing
51. John wishes now that he ______ the Spring Festival at home. A. spent B. had
spent C. has spent D. did spend
52. The hostess ______ the maid ______ the table for dinner while we arrived after a
three-hour drive from the town. A. told, to make B. was telling, to do C. told, to lay
D. was telling, to set
53. Mrs. James ______ a divorce from her husband, for she can no longer ______ his
stormy temper. A. is seeking, put up with B. seeks, put down with C. is seeking, put
up for D. seeks, put down for
54. Before she could shout "look ______" to the old man, he was run ______ by a car
coming from his left. A. back, on B. out, over C. up, down D. ahead, at
55. In the north of the country, the sun always shines ______ the vast prairie land in
summer. A. brightly on B. bright on C. bright in D. brightly in
56. That grand-sized pine tree ______ the horizon. A. stands up well against B. stands
out good to C. stands out well against D. stands up good to
57. "The effect of this medicine ______ by midnight," the doctor told Emma. "You had
better not try to read tonight." A. will wear off B. wears off C. will have worn off
D. will be worn off
58. ______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.
A. Being shown around the campus B. Having shown to the campus C. After been
shown around the campus D. Having been shown around the campus
59. The new computer virus ______, the system was restored to its normal operation. A.
having removed B. being removed C. had been removed D. was removed
60. Surveys show that ______ less sleep than we think, ______ too much sleep could
even harm our health. A. not only do we need, but that B. not only we need, but also
C. not only we need, but that D. not only do we need, but also
Part Three: Reading Comprehension
I.
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question
four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each
question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
Passage One
Cell Phone Hegemony
I recall how annoying it was years ago when smoking everywhere was legal in
California. Many complained about the restrictions when they arrived, but I didn't,
because I seriously hated watching shoppers smoking through the tomatoes and lettuce in
the vegetable section of the store.
People forget how sickening that used to be, especially with the butts all over the
grocery store floor. Tossing a burning smoke on the ground, stomping it with your foot,
and leaving it to be swept up by somebody else later was somehow OK.
But laws were passed, and you could finally shop without having to buy broccoli
while gagging on a nearby Winston.
Grocery stores are now filled with drips talking on cell phones about their sisters. I
believe these obnoxious chatterers are all rebellious smokers getting back at us. This is
worse than smoking! How did these phones come to dominate our lives like this, and
does anyone even try to resist?
Cell phones now rule the world's collective unconscious in untold ways. What
astonishes me about all this is the sociology that has crept up on us. Why do we have this
incessant need to chat on cell phones all day long? Test out this thesis. Make a note of a
friend who calls you from both a cell phone and a land-line at different times. Time the
calls and note the content. The cell phone calls will always be longer and more inane—
without exceptions!
61. In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the pronoun "they" in "when they
arrive" refers to ______. A. restrictions B. shoppers C. complaints D. people
62. In the third paragraph, "gagging on a nearby Winston" means ______. A. near the
broccoli counter in the shop was the counter that sold cigarettes B. while buying
vegetables, one very often inhaled cigarette smoke in the shop C. there were many
people in the shop who were smoking Winston brand cigarettes D. years ago, the
majority of the shoppers smoked when buying things
63. According to the 4th paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.
People like to talk in grocery stores endlessly about their sisters and family matters. B.
The obnoxious users of cell phone in public places remind us of the smokers in grocery
65. In this passage, the success of English refers to the fact that ______. A. it has
become the most widely used language in the world B. it has made a conquest in Japan
and China, which were not colonized by Britain C. it has beaten other languages such
as French D. each state or continent has its own version of English
66. The bitterness of the French people toward the English language shows ______. A.
what a political role languages can play in society B. how people can attach political
significance to which language they speak C. languages in fact always fail to play a
political role in society D. some people like to give languages roles to play
67. In the future, nobody will try to correct children when they speak wrong English,
because ______. A. people all want to promote the learning of English B. English
will change to be that spoken by Singaporeans and Australians C. people will not be
able to understand each other D. too many versions of English will make it impossible
to tell what is correct English
Passage Three
Affluenza
For many people, economic growth and an increase in possessions are signs of
progress, but for anti-consumer groups overconsumption and materialism are sicknesses.
A recent Public Broadcasting Service coined the term affluenza, which describes
consumption of material goods in a strongly negative way.
Af-flu-en-za (noun) combines two words: affluence and fluenza. According to anti-
consumer and environmental rights organizations, the high consumption life styles of
affluence cause people to be less happy even though they are acquiring more "things".
The major negative effect on the environment is that overconsumption is depleting the
world's natural resources, anti-consumer groups argue. Furthermore, the groups observe
that an artificial, ongoing and insatiable quest for things and the money to buy them has
replaced the normal desire for an adequate supply of life's necessities, community life, a
stable family, and healthy relationships. For example, today's families are replacing items
much more frequently than in the past. Many Americans now treat clothing as
"disposable", discarding clothes when fashion changes, and creating a boom in thrift
stores, and yard sales. The U.S.A.'s largest export is now used clothes. About 2.5 million
tons of unfashionable old clothes and rags are sold to Third World countries every year.
68. A coined word is a word that ______. A. combines two words together B. is often
made by putting words or parts of words together C. is made in the way coins are
produced D. gives an old world a new meaning
69. In the word 'affluenza' is implied the meaning that ______. A. too much money is a
disaster B. a life of affluence is like a fluenza C. overconsumption is like an epidemic
brought by affluence D. affluence is a negative thing
70. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A.
Consuming insatiably will hasten the exhaustion of natural resources. B. A superficial
pursuit of material things will bring problems to family relationships. C. One positive
thing about overconsumption of Americans is that large exports of used clothes are sent
to Third World countries. D. Americans nowadays are replacing their cars, TV sets and
furniture very frequently.
II.
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English
the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15%)
America Loses a Great Public Thinker
Arthur Miller's death last week meant more than the loss of an outstanding
playwright. It was the loss of a great public thinker who believed strongly that the
essence of America -- its greatness -- was in its promises. (71) Miller knew what
ignorance and fear and the madness of crowds, especially when exploited by sinister
leadership, could do to those promises. (72) His greatest concerns, "were with the moral
corruption brought on by bending one's ideals to society's dictates, buying into the values
of a group when they conflict with the voice of personal conscience." (73) The individual,
in Miller's view, had an abiding moral responsibility for his or her own behavior, and for
the behavior of society as a whole. He said that "I felt that as improbable as it might seem,
there were moments when an individual conscience was all that could keep a world from
falling."
Miller saw some of the differences in two sharply defined eras: the Depression-
wracked 1930s and the prosperous postwar 1950s. It was perhaps around 1936, people
who used to mind no politics began thinking for the first time of common action as a way
out of their impossible conditions. (74) By the early '50s the agony of the Depression was
gone. McCarthyism was in flower. After the 50's, however, Americans became more
practical and pragmatic. The dean of the University of Michigan was complaining that his
students' highest goal was to fit in with corporate America rather than to separate truth
from falsehood. (75) "They become experts at grade-getting, but there's less speculating
about the wrongs of the world and ideal solutions, something no employer was interested
in." Now Miller is gone, and if we are not wise enough to pay attention, his
uncomfortable truths will die with him.
Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)
Directions: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable
word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Superstition is a difficult question. We cannot quite say that superstition in Britain is
dead. Its history is both __76__ long and too recent for that, and indeed you will find
many relics of it in modern Britain. But they are only relics connected chiefly with vague
notions of good luck and __77__ luck. It is unlucky, for instance, to walk under a ladder,
or to spill salt, or break a mirror, or to have __78__ to do with number 13; whereas a
horseshoe brings good __79__, and people jokingly 'touch wood' __80__ prevent the
return of a past misfortune. There are still many strange country remedies against
sickness __81__ are obviously superstitious. But the real measure of superstition is fear.
In this __82__ there is no superstition in Britain. British people as a whole do __83__
believe in evil influences or evil spirits. Sickness and misfortune are not the __84__ of
witchcraft, but of dirt or chance or foolishness or inefficiency. Witches belong __85__ to
history books.
Part Five: Proofreading (10%)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10
mistakes, one in each numbered and underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may
have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it
out with a slash (/) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the
missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you
delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
(86) Each day, 50,000 shiny, fire-engine-red Gala apples work the way through a
sprawling factory in Swedesboro, N.J. (87) Inside, 26 machines wash them, core them,
peel them, seed them, slice them, chill them. At the end of the line, (88) they are dunked
in a solution of calcium ascorbate and now deposited into little green bags featuring a
jogging Ronald McDonald. From there, (89) the bags make their way in refrigerated
trucks to refrigerated containers in distribution centers, and then to thousand of
McDonald's restaurants up and down the Eastern Seaboard. (90) No more than 14 days
before leaving the plant, the fruit will take the place of French fries in some child's Happy
Meal.
The apple slices, called Apple Dippers, are a symbol of how McDonald's is trying to
offer healthier food to its customers (91) and to answer the many critics who contend that
most of its menu is poor nutritional quality. (92) McDonald's has also not introduced a
variety of "premium" salads, which will soon be joined by a salad of grapes, walnuts -
and, of course, apples.
(93) Yet it still remains to be seen these new offerings will assuage the concerns of
public health officials and other critics of McDonald's highly processed fat- and calorie-
laden sandwiches, drinks and fries. (94) So far, however, they have not - at least not have
entirely. But this much is already clear: just as its staple meals of burger and fries have
made McDonald's the largest single buyer of beef and potatoes in the country, (95) its
new focus on fresh fruits and vegetables is making the company a minor player in the $80
billion American produce industry.
Part Six: Writing (15%)
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given
below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
Topics: Is English Language Teaching Overemphasized in Chinese Education?