新疆农业大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

新疆农业大学博士研究生入学外语考试试题

（英语 B 卷）科目代码：2013FATGSD

答题须知
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Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (15 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. Each sentence has something omitted. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the words from the four choices given to complete each sentence.
1. ______, there can be no living creatures on the moon.
A. The moon having not liquid water
B. For the moon to have no liquid water
C. The moon's having no liquid water
D. The moon having no liquid water

2. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many
D. more than twice as many

3. The missing boy was last seen ______ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play

4. The old gentleman never fails to help ______ is in need of his help.
A. whom
B. who
C. whoever
D. whomever

5. ______, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing

6. ______ you ______ a complaint to refrigerator, please contact the Department of Customer Service by phone.
A. If, had
B. Have, had
C. Should, have
D. In case, had

7. ______, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours.
A. Strong as he is
B. The stronger he is
C. Strong man that he is
D. For he is strong

8. ______ all the relatives and friends of both the bride and the groom are invited to the wedding is a common practice in China.
A. What
B. Whether
C. That
D. How

9. Last week's test was ______ difficult than any of the previous ones I gave to my class, but, surprisingly, only a few students failed it.
A. not less
B. no more
C. not more
D. no so

10. The snow storm may come at any time. It is essential ______ in case of a blackout.
A. for us to store enough food, water and fuel and buy a generator
B. that we have stored enough food, water and fuel and bought a generator
C. of us to store enough food, water and fuel and buy a generator
D. that we must store enough food, water and fuel and buy a generator

11. I have two friends, but ______ of them likes to go fishing with me.
A. none
B. neither
C. both
D. either

12. The more time you spend with your baby, ______.
A. the closer to each other will you become
B. closer to each other will you be
C. the closer to each other you will become
D. the closer to her will you become

13. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name

14. This T-shirt is ______ the one I bought a month ago.
A. as much as three times
B. as much money as three times
C. three times as much as
D. three times as expensive as

15. It is imperative that the government ______ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.
A. attracts
B. shall attract
C. attract
D. has to

16. If only my mother ______ cook as well as you?
A. would
B. could
C. should
D. might

17. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not ______ for her work.
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. as good enough
D. good as enough

18. My wallet is nowhere to be found. I ______ when I was on the bus.
A. must have dropped it
B. must drop it
C. should have dropped it
D. ought to have dropped it

19. ______, he would have caught a bad cold.
A. Hadn't he been wearing that thick coat
B. Had he not been wearing that thick coat
C. If he didn't wear that thick coat
D. Were he to wear that thick coat

20. The statistics ______ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving
D. prove

21. Tom was down in the mouth after losing his job. The underlined part means ______.
A. depressed
B. tired
C. dissatisfied
D. discouraged

22. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ______ discussing a recent film with others.
A. at home
B. at most
C. at house
D. at bean

23. My job is to ______ articles and edit them via email and communicate with colleagues on line.
A. subscribe
B. submit
C. correct
D. get

24. We expect Mr. White will ______ Class Two when Miss Brown suffers from heart attack.
A. take over
B. take up
C. take off
D. take to

25. Many automobile accidents were ______ careless driving.
A. attributed to
B. resulted in
C. contributed to
D. raised from

26. ______ is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.
A. Competition
B. Compete
C. Competitive
D. Competence

27. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 ______ 4 in last year’s CFA CUP Final.
A. over
B. in
C. to
D. against

28. The police let him go, because they didn't find him guilty ______ the murder.
A. of
B. in
C. over
D. on

29. The membership card entitled him ______ certain privileges in the club.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. to

30. Please dispose ______ those old newspapers while you are cleaning up the room.
A. out
B. of
C. away
D. in

Part II Reading Comprehension (20 points, 1 point each)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage I
In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.
First. Let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.
This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.
Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”—those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.
They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.
Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.
Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.
1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they ______.
A. arrange the meeting place beforehand
B. postpone fixing the place till last minute
C. seldom care about when and where to meet
D. still love to work out detailed meeting plans

2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ______.
A. TALKERS
B. the “speakeasy”
C. the “spacemaker”
D. texters

3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are ______.
A. quite revealing
B. well written
C. unacceptable by others
D. shocking to others

4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?
A. talkers
B. the speakeasy
C. the spacemaker
D. texters

5. An appropriate title for the passage might be ______.
A. the SMS effect
B. cultural implication of mobile use
C. change in the use of the mobile
D. body language and the mobile phone

Passage II
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.
The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was—and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.
Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve conditions have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.
6. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?
A. life style and occupation
B. Attitude and income
C. income and job security
D. job security and hobbies

7. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ______ is closer to truth?
A. middle-class ways of spending money
B. working-class ways of spending the weekend
C. working-class drinking habits
D. middle-class attitudes

8. According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle-class?
A. desiring for security
B. making long term plans
C. having priorities in life
D. saving money

9. Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT?
A. better social security
B. more job opportunities
C. higher living standard
D. better legal protection

10. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.
B. The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.
C. Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.
D. Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.

Passage III
More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At the speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to £ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
11. This text is taken from ______.
A. a medical magazine
B. a police report
C. a legal document
D. a government information booklet

12. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle ______.
A. reduces road accidents by more than half
B. saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour
C. reduces the death rate in traffic accidents
D. saves more than 15,000 lives each year

13. It is the driver's responsibility to ______.
A. make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt
B. make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt
C. stop children riding in the front seat
D. wear a seat belt each time he drives

14. According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front does not have to wear a seat belt?
A. Someone who is backing into a parking space.
B. Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.
C. Someone who is delivering invitation letters.
D. Someone who is under 14.

15. For some people, it may be better ______.
A. to wear a seat belt for health reasons
B. not to wear a seat belt for health reasons
C. to get valid medical certificate before wearing a seat belt
D. to pay a fine rather than wear a seat belt

Passage IV
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.
The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”
16. The team of doctors wanted to find out ______.
A. why certain people age sooner than others
B. how to make people live longer
C. the size of certain people's brains
D. which people are most intelligent

17. On what are their research findings based?
A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan.
B. Tests performed on a thousand old people.
C. The study of brain volumes of different people.
D. The latest development of computer technology.

18. The doctor's test shows that ______.
A. our brains shrink as we grow older
B. the front section of the brain does not shrink
C. sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D. some people's brains have contracted more than other people's

19. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A. something to be considered
B. branches of knowledge studied
C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment
D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler

20. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?
A. Lawyers.
B. Farmers.
C. Clerks.
D. Shop assistants.

Part III Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions: There is a passage in this part with 20 blanks, for each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weakness. Success or _1_ in your work would depend, to _2_ great extent, _3_ your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. _4_ the utmost importance is your attitude. A person _5_ begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is _6_ that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure _7_ his belief that he is probably as capable _8_ doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt _9_ it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. _10_ the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw _11_ hopeless cases.
This book has been designed to help you capitalize _12_ the strength and overcome the _13_ that you bring to the job of learning. But in order to measure your development, you must first _14_ stock of where you stand now. _15_ we get further along in the book, we’ll be _16_ in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening _17_ skills. However, _18_ begin with, you should pause _19_ examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your _20_, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
1. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement
2. A. a B. the C. some D. certain
3. A. in B. on C. of D. to
4. A. Out of B. Of C. To D. Into
5. A. who B. what C. that D. which
6. A. ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely
7. A. onto B. to C. off D. in
8. A. to B. at C. of D. for
9. A. near B. on C. by D. at
10. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been
11. A. being B. been C. are D. is
12. A. except B. but C. for D. on
13. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage
14. A. make B. take C. do D. five
15. A. as B. till C. over D. out
16. A. deal B. dealt C. be dealt D. dealing
17. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn
18. A. around B. to C. from D. beside
19. A. to B. onto C. into D. with
20. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weakness

Part IV Error Correction (10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: This part consists of one passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.            1. ______
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dream sleep.     2. ______
In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.            3. ______
Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep.            4. ______
The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.            5. ______
But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?            6–10. ______

Part V Translation (30 points)
Section A (15 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.
Crime scene photography, also called forensic photography, has been around almost as long as the camera itself. Criminologists quickly realized that such technology could freeze time—creating a supposedly incontestable record of a crime scene, a piece of evidence or even a body. The 19th century French photographer Alphonse Bertillon was the first to approach a crime scene with the systematic methods of an investigator. He’d capture images at various distances and take both ground level and overhead shots.
Section B (15 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English translation in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.
女人不一定总能得到她想要的东西……但是一项民意调查显示，如果能等到晚上 6 点时再提出请求的话，成功几率就会增加。
在一天工作结束的时候提出的任何请求——小到出去扔垃圾，大到出门享受浪漫的周末——都会比平时更容易被满足。然而，“妻管严”们应该避免在午后吵架，因为这项有一千多名男女参与的民意调查发现，下午三点是女性在争论中胜出的最佳时机。
当涉及到请求加薪与升职的时候，女性尽可能不要在老板早上刚刚到办公室时提出，而最好等到下午一点。此时正是经理们最容易答应员工请求的时候。
Part VI Writing (15 points)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Travel imparts new vigor to the mind.
You are to write in three parts:
In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.