燕山大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

燕山大学2012年博士入学考试英语试题

科目代码：1001 科目名称：英语试题（考试时间180分钟满分100分答案须全部写在给定答题纸上）

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Two lines can form an infinite number of ______.
A. ankles
B. angles
C. angels
D. adults

2. As a developing country, with a population of 1.3 billion, China knows ______ the importance of the right to subsistence and the right to development.
A. all the good
B. all too well
C. all the better
D. all the best

3. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ______ it comes to classroom tests.
A. when
B. since
C. before
D. after

4. Traffic here is congested ten times ______.
A. as bad as Beijing's worse
B. as badly as Beijing's worst
C. as badly as Beijing's worse
D. as bad as Beijing's worst

5. All the students in this class passed the test ______ the exception of Jack.
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. with

6. The ______ of the house is beautifully painted.
A. underneath
B. well
C. interior
D. image

7. You see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. on instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant

8. His friend was injured in an airplane ______.
A. break
B. crash
C. fail
D. falling

9. I’m afraid it is ______ question for me to answer right now.
A. a too difficult
B. too difficult
C. too a difficult
D. too difficult a

10. I didn’t know where to send this ______ letter.
A. registered
B. maid
C. mail
D. male

11. What are the ______ farm products in this region?
A. principle
B. princess
C. principal
D. prince

12. Alan is a good football player and never breaks ______.
A. legal
B. regulations
C. limitation
D. agreement

13. The original guidelines only have some methods in them. Now we are going to ______ exactly what kind of food is good for their health and what is bad.
A. make clear it to the public
B. make it to the public clear
C. make it clear to the public
D. make clear to the public it is

14. The first part of this paper is the ______ review.
A. literature
B. field
C. study
D. phenomenon

15. The alcohol intake of Greeks is also modest ______ European terms, but they’re the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, ______ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.
A. during, lighted
B. in, lighting
C. for, lighted
D. as, lighting

16. This is the Chinese ______, translated from English.
A. publication
B. editor
C. printing
D. version

17. ______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.
A. That the sun and not the earth
B. Being the sun and not the earth
C. It is the sun and not the earth
D. The sun and not the earth

18. Get up early and run every day. You will ______ a lot from it.
A. receive
B. make
C. benefit
D. win

19. He always takes pride in his work. He is very ______.
A. humble
B. devoted
C. respective
D. formal

20. Tomorrow we will ______ our day of independence.
A. favor
B. expose
C. roar
D. celebrate

21. Your ______ in teaching is different from mine.
A. altitude
B. approach
C. fuel
D. lump

22. Such ______ the case, I can’t afford to support him.
A. being
B. is
C. has been
D. had been

23. Culturally, this country is divided into two ______.
A. tides
B. sections
C. verses
D. yards

24. Peter had his piano ______ yesterday and the result is excellent.
A. tuned
B. turned
C. tied
D. wound

25. He said he is my ______ friend but I don’t think so.
A. intensive
B. onion
C. intimate
D. occasion

26. The band ______ and were beginning to throw their instrument down.
A. broke down
B. broke off
C. broke rank
D. broke out

27. He is very kind and has put his car entirely at our ______ for the holiday.
A. usage
B. disposal
C. pleasure
D. position

28. He was completely ______ by her story of hardship.
A. taken away
B. taken down
C. taken up
D. taken in

29. Don’t worry about him; I don’t think he comes into the ______ at all.
A. picture
B. sight
C. file
D. case

30. Jane and Susan have ______ again and do not speak to each other.
A. fallen in
B. fallen back
C. fallen out
D. fallen off

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
Do women tend to devalue the worth of their work? Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critically than they do to rewarding the work of others? These were the questions asked by Michigan State University psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan-Levy. Past experiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to pay themselves and other people for the same job, they paid themselves less. Following up on this finding, Messe and Callahan-Levy designed experiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend to shortchange themselves in pay situations.
One theory the psychologists tested was that women judge their own work more harshly than that of others. The subjects for the experiment testing this theory were men and women recruited from the Michigan State undergraduate student body. The job the subjects were asked to perform for pay was an opinion questionnaire requiring a number of short essays on campus-related issue. After completing the questionnaire, some subjects were given six dollars in bills and change and were asked to decide payment for themselves. Others were given the same amount and were asked to decide payment for another subject who had also completed the questionnaire.
The psychologists found that, as in earlier experiments, the women paid themselves less than the men paid themselves. They also found that the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and less than the men paid the women. The differences were substantial. The average paid to women by themselves was $2.97. The average paid to men by themselves was $4.06. The average paid to women by others was $4.37. In spite of the differences, the psychologists found that the men and the women in the experiment evaluated their own performances on the questionnaire about equally and better than the expected performances of others.
On the basis of these findings, Messe and Callahan-Levy concluded that women’s attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to their work cannot be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability.
31. The experiment designed in the passage would be most relevant to the formulation of a theory concerning the ______.
A. generally lower salaries received by women workers in comparison to men
B. reluctance of some women to enter professions that are traditionally dominated by men
C. anxiety expressed by some women workers in dealing with male supervisors
D. prejudices often suffered by women in attempting to enter the workforce

32. How is the research of Messe and Callahan-Levy related to earlier experiments in the same field?
A. It suggests a need to discard methods used in earlier experiments.
B. It tends to weaken the assumptions on which earlier experiments were designed.
C. It suggests that the problem revealed in earlier experiments may be more widespread than previously thought.
D. It helps to explain a phenomenon revealed in earlier experiments.

33. Which of the following statements is supported by the facts stated in the passage?
A. Men tend to pay themselves more than they pay other men for the same work.
B. Women tend to pay men more than they pay other women for the same work.
C. Men tend to pay women less than they pay other men for the same work.
D. None of the above.

34. The work of Messe and Callahan-Levy tends to support which of the following notions?
A. Women are generally less concerned with financial rewards for their work than men are.
B. Men are willing to pay women more than women are willing to pay themselves.
C. Payment for work should generally be directly related to the quality of the work.
D. Women judge their own work more crucially than they judge the work of men.

35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. it is not always reliable to measure women’s ability by how much they earn
B. women would rather attach importance to sacrifices than ask for repayment for their work
C. women tend to assess their ability of work by their own self-worth rather than monetary values
D. women generally remain indifferent to how much money they should obtain from their work.

Passage 2
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world—usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.
36. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The progress of literacy was dominated successively by economy, religion and politics.
B. During the early Middle Ages, with the increase of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church.
C. The economic aspect is the most related to the man’s reading ability.
D. In the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of religion and business led to a revival in literacy.

37. From the first paragraph we know ______.
A. It is fairly easy to determine literacy.
B. There is no illiteracy in a rich family.
C. History sees an even progress towards literacy.
D. In history literacy suffers ups and downs.

38. According to the passage, what is the major driving force behind the progress toward more literacy?
A. The amount of education.
B. The availability of reading materials.
C. The economic development.
D. The necessity to read.

39. In the Renaissance, it was ______ that greatly expanded literacy.
A. the religious reforms
B. translation and popularization of the Bible
C. availability of printing technology and cheap paper
D. the renovations of the teaching methods

40. The last paragraph is mainly about ______.
A. the religious movements that promoted the literacy of the public
B. the new progress towards literacy initiated by democratic society
C. modern political movement towards a more democratic society
D. political movements at the end of the Middle Ages fighting illiteracy

Passage 3
The larger a machine and the more numerous its parts, the greater likelihood of a breakdown and the more expensive to repair. What has been said about market forces and management was necessarily oversimplified. The economies of modern industrial nations are large and very complex. To be sure, there is management, and there are market forces at work, but there are also many other factors that help or hinder economic function.
In modern industrial societies governments play a large role. There is a great amount of regulation, most of it meant for the protection of the public. All regulations affect the way businesses operate, often increasing their costs and reducing their profits. Lower profits, in turn, reduce the amount of money which is known as working capital that a company can use for expansion. Auto emission standards, for instance, have had a significant impact on the manufacture and pricing of automobiles. Other government policies such as taxation, budget deficits, and regulation of the money supply have an effect on how much money is available for people to spend on goods and services.
International crises and other conditions also affect the working of an economy. A severe frost in Brazil can ruin a coffee crop and raise the price of that commodity. War can cut off the supply of such resources as petroleum, chromium, or copper. In the United States environmental protests have slowed the development of nuclear energy capacity and the mining of vast tracts of protected land. Weather affects agriculture: a hot, dry summer can damage the wheat crop; floods can destroy thousands of acres of crops suddenly; and insect pests can devastate cropland with a rapid attack.
People’s attitudes also have an impact on the marketing of goods. Health-conscious persons, for example, may stop smoking, cut their intake of alcohol, and eat less of certain kinds of food. Advertising affects what people buy, and it can create a market where none existed. Style and fashion are significant for many consumers.
There are other economic problems that are more difficult to understand. For centuries economies have been subject to periods of prosperity followed by periods of decline. Although periods of prosperity can be explained rather easily, the reasons for panics, recessions, and depressions are of a complex nature. So many factors contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s, for example, that no economist has ever been able to account for all of them.
Because the causes of decline are uncertain, the remedies are equally uncertain. In the late 20th century all industrialized societies through their governments have tried to stabilize economies, keep them prosperous, and reduce unemployment. None of the remedies has worked to the extent that was hoped. How economies work and what remedies can be found to keep them operating efficiently are the tasks of economists, who must work together with businessmen and politicians.
41. The chief purpose of the passage is ______.
A. to review the factors that affect economic operation
B. to explore the causes of periodic economic decline
C. to discuss the role governments play in modern industrialized societies
D. to propose remedies for correcting economic recessions

42. The “machine” in the first sentence of Paragraph 1 is comparable here to ______.
A. the political system of a nation
B. the economy of a nation
C. the market force
D. the government of a nation

43. The example of auto emission standards is here used to make it clear that ______.
A. it is harmful for a government to interfere with economic matters
B. state policies tend to lower profits and discourage investment
C. regulation may affect business operation by increasing the cost
D. most regulations are not meant for the protection of the public

44. Why is it difficult to explain the onset of economic decline?
A. Because no economist knows everything.
B. Because it always follows a period of prosperity.
C. Because there are too many reasons behind it.
D. Because it is hard to predict when it will be coming.

45. The author believes that, to find efficient ways of keeping economy going, economists ______.
A. find the exact causes for economic decline
B. find ways to fight unemployment
C. work out all the factors that lead to economic prosperity
D. cooperate with businessmen and politicians

Passage 4
I am never the first in line to try out or buy new technologies. Case in point: I am the only person I know who has managed to survive on the planet this long without owning a cell phone. I live a simple, wire-free life in a mountainous village on a remote island in the Aegean.
This is why we moved here, to leave the city smog and the all-too-frantic pace behind us. Instead, we are surrounded by goats and cats. We made the right decision.
A couple of weeks ago on the beach, I came across a salmon-colored conch shell. It’s a silly habit, but I hold a shell to my ear to see if I can hear the waves crashing. I never do, of course, but I repeat the exercise endlessly. I don’t know why the thought hit me, but suddenly it occurred to me this shell was about the size of a first-generation cell phone. I decided to keep it.
Ever since I brought it home, I’ve been amusing myself by “dialing” it and waiting for it to ring. Amazing, this modern technology! I have called it and am quite taken with it.
I figured it was time to test it out in the real world, minute as my “real world” is. I took it with me one day when we went out for lunch. As busy the other tables reached for their cell phones to check in with their bosses about this or that, I made my move. I held my shell phone to my ear and spoke briefly. I am a woman of few words.
I watched for reactions, but nobody seemed the least bit concerned. On his way out, one diner complimented me on my unusual model. “Oh, it’s the latest in the Omega-22-Alpha series,” I smiled. “I bought it at the big electronics trade fair.”
I had to laugh at my own joke: I haven’t been off my little Greek island for two years. I have completely forgotten what the interior of a bookstore or a movie theater looks like. I live 28 sea-hours from Athens, truly in the middle of nowhere.
The diner nodded, still taking me seriously. Perhaps he felt a bit embarrassed that he hadn’t attended the trade fair. After all, nobody wants to admit being out of the loop about the latest trends, electronic or otherwise.
I don’t always carry it with me, but now I at least own a modern shell phone and am semi-connected to the rest of the planet. Of course, I won’t hand out my number to just anybody. The last thing I want is a bunch of telemarketers finding me and interrupting my dinner to ask if I want to invest in time shares on a Greek island.
I realize it was a bargain, but at the moment, I am having a bizarre bit of a technical difficulty with my wireless wonder. It may be my imagination, but whenever I pick up my phone, I distinctly hear the sea.
46. A wire-free life as mentioned in the first paragraph refers to a life ______.
A. that is new-technology independent
B. that is simple and isolated from the rest of the world
C. that is subjected to no restraints of work and traditions
D. that is not connected with telecommunications devices

47. The author’s test with her “shell phone” in the real world implies that ______.
A. she is a person who tends to be indulged in self-amusement
B. she is so long isolated from the world that she no longer understands it
C. people are so busy with modern life that they cut themselves off from nature
D. people do not communicate with each other as often as they did before

48. The author’s attitude towards modern life seems to be one of ______.
A. amazement
B. dissatisfaction
C. contentment
D. enthusiasm

49. The author feels her decision to live on the island is a(n) ______ one.
A. bizarre
B. correct
C. imprudent
D. tough

50. The best title for this passage is ______.
A. Life Without New Technologies
B. New Type of Cell Phone
C. New Technologies and Modern Life
D. Features of Shell Phones and Cell Phones

Part III Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)
Directions: In this part there are two passages with ten underlined parts. After reading the passages carefully, you should translate the underlined parts into Chinese.
Passage 1
(51) In many of the countries struggling to find enough water for their populations it is the government that is to blame, not geography, according to a report out this week.
(52) Several recent UN studies show that lack of water is holding back food production and economic development in more and more regions around the world. According to the UN Environment Program, a third of the planet will face water shortages by 2025.
But Caroline Sullivan, head of water policy and management at Britain’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) in Wallingford, Oxfordshire, says these problems are often of a country’s own making. “(53) It is easy for governments to blame geography when the problem is usually their own failings.” She says. Unless they realize this, they will have no chance of achieving the goal agreed at this year’s World Summit of halving the number of people without access to clean drinking water by 2015, she adds.
Sullivan is the chief author of the Water Poverty Index, published this week by the CEH. The index, which was put together with Sullivan’s colleagues at the water-policy think tank, the World Water Council, ranks countries by how efficiently they conserve, use and deliver water to those who need it.
(54) It reveals a sharp contrast between countries that manage their water well and those that don’t. Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the same Caribbean island, and have similar populations and access to similar amounts of water. Yet while the Dominican Republic appears in the top half of the index, Haiti suffers last out of the 147 countries assessed.
One reason is poverty, but Haiti has also chopped down its forests, causing so much soil erosion that rainfall runs into the sea in flash floods rather than soaking into the soil and supplementing aquifers.
Not all rich nations fare well in the index. (55) The U.S. and Japan come 32nd and 36th respectively, largely because the way they collect and use water is wasteful and damages the environment. Australia ranked 44th, while Britain is in 11th place. “The real crisis is not the amount of water, it’s the way we use it,” says Sullivan.
Passage 2
(56) The developing countries of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia once merely exported raw materials and cash crops in return for manufactured goods. People in these countries provided for most of their own needs through subsistence agriculture and small-scale crafts. In time, though, people in these countries grew increasingly dependent on the global economy, because local crafts could no longer compete with the cheap, factory-made exports of the developed countries, such as European nations, the United States, and Japan.
To decrease their dependence, many developing countries sought to strengthen their economies by building factories, modern dams, and roads during the 1960s and 1970s. Governments frequently made poor financial choices. However, infrastructure projects such as dams and highways were often too massive for local needs. Choices about industry were sometimes not based on the best interests of the country, and protection from competition frequently resulted in inferior goods. (57) As a result, products could not compete on the global market with the higher-quality goods from the industrialized countries. Many developing countries then had little income to pay off debts incurred during their expansion.
A few developing economies succeeded in building prosperity through industrialization during the 20th century. The most notable of these were South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong S.A.R. Like Japan during the 19th century, they established tariffs and other barriers to protect local products from foreign competition and invested local wealth in industrial development. (58) Also like Japan, they focused on selling the products they manufactured to foreign consumers in order to bring wealth into the country. By the end of the 20th century some experts considered these economies to be developed, rather than developing, although many of South Korea’s economic successes were reversed in the financial crisis of 1997. (59) Following a similar path, China advanced economically through a rapid expansion of manufactured exports during the late 20th century.
Meanwhile, multinationals based in the economically developed world set up low-wage manufacturing facilities in some developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and in Central and South America. These factories typically generated few long-term benefits for the local economy. The profits flowed outside the country to the shareholders of the foreign multinationals. Also, the developing countries were forced to participate in a “race to the bottom” to attract multinational investment. (60) If a developing country or its people sought higher wages or enforced labor or environmental protections, multinationals often simply relocated production to a country with lower cost.
Part IV Writing (10 points)
Directions: For this part, you are going to write a short essay entitled Why Are Families Not as Close as They Used to Be? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 人们普遍认为家庭成员之间的关系不像过去那么紧密；
2. 分析可能的原因；
3. 提出你的建议。

参考答案及解析
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C

1.【答案】B。【解析】同形词辨析（相似拼写）。应填入名词复数作句子宾语，主谓是 Two lines can form（两条线能形成），由常识可知应填 angles（角），故选 B。ankles 脚踝；angels 天使；adults 成年人。
2.【答案】C。【解析】固定搭配。填入词组作状语修饰 knows，表程度。all too well 意为“非常清楚”，符合“中国深知生存权与发展权的重要性”，故选 C。
3.【答案】A。【解析】语法结构。应填入连词引导从句 when it comes to classroom tests（谈及课堂测验），由上下文判断此处为时间状语，填 when，故选 A。
4.【答案】B。【解析】语法结构。考查比较级，ten times 表程度，应用副词 badly 修饰 congested；比较对象是 Traffic here 与 Beijing’s worst（北京最糟糕时的交通），故选 B。
5.【答案】D。【解析】固定搭配。表示“除……之外”用 with the exception of，故选 D。
6.【答案】C。【解析】名词词义辨析。由动词 painted（刷漆）可知只有 interior（内部）合适，故选 C。underneath 底部；well 井；image 形象。
7.【答案】A。【解析】语法结构。应填入连接词引导时间状语从句，名词 the instant/moment/minute 可起连词作用，故选 A。
8.【答案】B。【解析】名词词义辨析。由关键信息 injured（受伤）可知 airplane crash（飞机坠毁）合适，故选 B。
9.【答案】A。【解析】语法结构（语序）。填入的是定语修饰可数名词 question，一般限定词（含冠词）放在最前，即 a too difficult question，故选 A。
10.【答案】A。【解析】词义辨析。registered letter 意为“挂号信”，故选 A。maid 女仆；mail 邮件；male 男性。
11.【答案】C。【解析】同形词辨析。填入词修饰 farm products，由上下文可知 principal（主要的）合适，故选 C。principle 原则；princess 公主；prince 王子。
12.【答案】B。【解析】名词词义辨析。填入词作 breaks（违背）的宾语，由 good football player（好运动员）可知 regulations（规则）合适，故选 B。
13.【答案】C。【解析】语法结构。动词短语 make clear（解释清楚），宾语是代词 it 时放中间，即 make it clear to the public，故选 C。
14.【答案】A。【解析】名词词义辨析。由主语 the first part of this paper（论文第一部分）和常识可知 literature review（文献综述）最合适，故选 A。
15.【答案】B。【解析】语法结构。第一空考查 in terms of（按照、依据）的变体，即 in European terms；第二空主语 they 与 light up（点烟）是主动关系，应用 -ing 形式 lighting，故选 B。
16.【答案】D。【解析】名词词义辨析。由 translated from English（译自英文）可知 version（版本、变体）最合适，故选 D。publication 出版；editor 编辑；printing 印刷。
17.【答案】A。【解析】语法结构。is the center of our planetary system 应是一个主语从句，需用 That 引导，故选 A。
18.【答案】C。【解析】动词词义辨析。由上下文可知 benefit（受益）合适，benefit from 意为“从……中受益”，故选 C。
19.【答案】B。【解析】形容词词义辨析。由 takes pride in his work（以工作为傲）可知 devoted（热爱的、献身的）合适，故选 B。humble 谦逊的；respective 各自的；formal 正式的。
20.【答案】D。【解析】动词词义辨析。由宾语 day of independence（独立日）可知 celebrate（庆祝）合适，故选 D。favor 赞成；expose 暴露；roar 咆哮。
21.【答案】B。【解析】名词词义辨析。填入的名词受 in teaching 修饰，根据上下文 approach（方法）最合适，故选 B。altitude 海拔；fuel 燃料；lump 块。
22.【答案】A。【解析】语法结构。句子主干完整 I can’t afford to support him，中间用逗号隔开，Such being the case 只能是独立主格结构，故选 A。
23.【答案】B。【解析】名词词义辨析。填入复数名词作 into 的宾语，由 country（国家）可知 sections（部分）合适，故选 B。
24.【答案】A。【解析】动词词义辨析。填入过去分词作 have sth. done 的宾补，由 piano（钢琴）可知 tuned（调音）合适，故选 A。
25.【答案】C。【解析】词义辨析。填入词修饰 friend，由上下文可知 intimate（亲密的）合适，故选 C。intensive 密集的；onion 洋葱；occasion 场合。
26.【答案】A。【解析】固定搭配。填入词组作谓语，由 throw their instrument down（扔下乐器）可知 broke down（散架、垮掉）合适，故选 A。broke off 中断；broke rank 掉队；broke out 爆发。
27.【答案】B。【解析】固定搭配。at one’s disposal 意为“由……支配”，故选 B。
28.【答案】B。【解析】固定搭配。填入过去分词构成被动，动作发出者是 her story of hardship，taken down 意为“压下……的气焰、挫……锐气”，故选 B。
29.【答案】A。【解析】固定搭配。come into the picture 意为“牵连进去、与此事有关”，由 Don’t worry about him 可知合适，故选 A。
30.【答案】C。【解析】固定搭配。由 do not speak to each other（彼此不说话）可知 fallen out（争吵、吵架）合适，故选 C。fallen in 坠入；fallen back 后退；fallen off 脱落。
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage 1: 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. A
Passage 2: 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B
Passage 3: 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. D
Passage 4: 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A

31.【答案】A。推理判断题。由首段“…designed experiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend to shortchange themselves in pay situations”可知该实验围绕“工作报酬”，与 A 项“相比男性，女性工人工资较低”最相关。
32.【答案】D。推理判断题。由首段“Following up on this finding…”可知 Messe 与 Callahan-Levy 的研究是为了解释早期实验揭示的现象，故选 D。
33.【答案】D。推理判断题。第三段实验结果表明女性付给自己、付给其他女性、男性付给女性的报酬均偏低，A、B、C 三项均与原文不符，故选 D。
34.【答案】A。推理判断题。由末段“…women’s attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to their work cannot be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability”可知支持 A 项“女性通常不如男性那样关心工作的金钱回报”。
35.【答案】A。推理判断题。由末段结论“女性对工作估价偏低不能完全以其对自身能力的判断为依据”可推知 A 项“以收入多少衡量女性能力并不总是可靠”。
36.【答案】C。推理判断题。由第二段“Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive”及下文经济因素对识字的推动可知 C 项正确。
37.【答案】D。推理判断题。由首段“The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress”可知历史上识字水平有起有伏，故选 D。
38.【答案】D。细节事实题。由第二段“usefulness has probably been the most decisive”可知“阅读的需要”是主要推动力，故选 D。
39.【答案】C。细节事实题。由第四段“With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century…”可知印刷技术与廉价纸张的普及极大扩展了识字，故选 C。
40.【答案】B。推理判断题。末段主要讲民主政治运动伴随识字的巨大进步，即“民主社会促进的识字进步”，故选 B。
41.【答案】A。主旨大意题。全文围绕影响经济运行的各种因素展开，故选 A。
42.【答案】B。词汇题。首句“machine”为比喻，结合主题可知指 the economy of a nation（一国经济），故选 B。
43.【答案】C。推理判断题。由第二段“All regulations affect the way businesses operate, often increasing their costs and reducing their profits”及汽车排放标准的例子可知 C 项“规章制度通过增加成本影响经营”。
44.【答案】C。推理判断题。由倒数第二段“So many factors contributed to the Great Depression… that no economist has ever been able to account for all of them”可知原因太多，故选 C。
45.【答案】D。细节事实题。由末句“…the tasks of economists, who must work together with businessmen and politicians”可知选 D。
46.【答案】A。推理判断题。由首段“the only person… without owning a cell phone”可知 wire-free life 指“不依赖新技术的生活”，故选 A。
47.【答案】C。推理判断题。由“I watched for reactions, but nobody seemed the least bit concerned”及主题可推知人们忙于现代生活而与自然疏离，故选 C。
48.【答案】B。推理判断题。由第二段“to leave the city smog and the all-too-frantic pace behind us”可知作者对现代生活持不满态度，故选 B。
49.【答案】B。细节事实题。由第二段“We made the right decision”可知作者认为移居岛上的决定是正确的，故选 B。
50.【答案】A。主旨大意题。全文通过讲述没有手机的简单生活表达对现代科技生活的态度，最佳标题为 Life Without New Technologies，故选 A。
Part III Translation 参考译文
51. 本周发布的一份报告指出，在许多难以为本国人口找到足够水源的国家中，应受指责的是政府而非地理条件。（难点：调整语序；it is…that 强调句式须译出强调意味。）
52. 联合国最近的一些研究表明，在世界上越来越多的地区，缺水正阻碍着粮食生产和经济发展。（难点：调整语序，将地点状语提前。）
53. 当问题往往源于政府自身的失职时，政府却很容易把责任推给地理条件。（难点：将 when 引导的状语从句提前。）
54. 它揭示了一种鲜明对比：一些国家把水资源管理得很好，另一些国家则不然。
55. 美国和日本分别排在第 32 位和第 36 位，这很大程度上是因为其取水和用水的方式既浪费又破坏环境。
56. 中南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发展中国家，过去曾仅仅出口原材料和经济作物，以换取制成品。
57. 结果，这些产品无法在全球市场上与工业化国家的优质产品竞争。
58. 与日本一样，它们专注于把自己生产的产品卖给外国消费者，以给国家带来财富。
59. 沿着相似的道路，中国在 20 世纪后期通过快速扩张制造业出口实现了经济增长。
60. 如果某个发展中国家或其人民要求更高的工资，或执行劳工、环境保护标准，跨国公司往往干脆把生产迁到成本更低的国家。
Part IV Writing 参考范文
Why Are Families Not as Close as They Used to Be?
In the past, family was a very important part in people’s mind, and it was the center of many people’s lives. Nowadays, however, people generally acknowledge that the relationship between family members is not as close as before.
Why could this happen? Compared with the past, social competition is increasingly fierce. People are urged to concentrate their efforts upon work so that they can achieve success, or at least a good standard of living. As a result, they can’t afford to spend their leisure hours with their families. The importance of bonds of kinship is gradually fading from their minds. In addition, various kinds of recreational facilities also divert people from enjoying chats with members of their families. Free time is now mostly occupied by watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing video games.
In view of such alienation within families, urgent steps must be taken. For members of families who live away from one another, regular contact on the phone can bring them the care that they need. Family reunions on holidays or other important occasions can make a difference as well. For those living together, it is a good idea to take some time off work or recreation periods to spend some time with each other.