2026 年北京师范大学考博真题 样题
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Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
题目 1
A) She will give him the receipt later.
B) The man should make his own copies.
C) She has not got the man's copies ready.
D) The man forgot to make the copies for her.
答案：C
解析：本题考查短对话中的语义理解，核心是捕捉 “未完成动作” 的暗示。选项 A “稍后给收据” 未提及 “收据” 相关内容，排除；B “让男士自己复印” 与对话中 “女士负责复印” 的语境矛盾；C “未准备好男士的复印件” 符合 “未完成动作” 的逻辑，是合理答案；D “男士忘记帮女士复印” 颠倒动作主体，对话围绕 “女士为男士复印” 展开，排除。
题目 2
A) She phoned Fred about the book.
B) She was late for the appointment.
C) She ran into Fred on her way here.
D) She often keeps other people waiting.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “意外事件” 的语义捕捉。A “给 Fred 打电话谈书” 未提及 “电话” 和 “书”，排除；B “约会迟到” 无 “约会” 相关信息，排除；C “路上偶遇 Fred” 符合 “意外相遇” 的语境暗示，是正确答案；D “经常让别人等” 未体现 “拖延” 相关描述，排除。
题目 3
A) Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union.
B) Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman.
C) It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.
D) Females are more competitive than males in elections.
答案：C
解析：本题考查对 “选举难度” 的推理。A “Mark 不适合负责学生会” 过于绝对，未体现 “不适合” 的依据；B “Mark 是主席最佳人选” 无 “最佳” 的明确表述，排除；C “Mark 竞选不易” 符合对话中对选举竞争的暗示，是合理推理；D “女性比男性更有竞争力” 无性别对比的信息，排除。
题目 4
A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time.
B) It got seriously damaged on the way.
C) It got lost at the airport in Paris.
D) It was left behind in the hotel.
答案：D
解析：本题考查 “物品去向” 的细节捕捉。A “未及时到达目的地” 无 “时间延误” 的描述；B “途中严重损坏” 未提及 “损坏”，排除；C “在巴黎机场丢失” 无 “巴黎机场” 的信息，排除；D “被遗留在酒店” 符合 “物品未随行人携带” 的语境，是正确答案。
题目 5
A) Just make use of whatever information is available.
B) Put more effort into preparing for the presentation.
C) Find more relevant information for their work.
D) Simply raise the issue in their presentation.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “信息使用策略” 的语义理解。A “利用现有任何信息” 符合 “时间有限，无需额外寻找” 的暗示，是正确答案；B “投入更多精力准备展示” 与 “高效利用现有资源” 的逻辑不符；C “寻找更多相关信息” 与 “无需额外花费时间” 的语境矛盾；D “直接在展示中提出问题” 未提及 “提出问题”，排除。
题目 6
A) The man has decided to choose Language Studies as his major.
B) The woman isn't interested in the psychology of language.
C) The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in.
D) The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “课程报名状态” 的推理。A “男士已决定选语言研究为专业” 无 “已决定” 的表述，排除；B “女士对语言心理学不感兴趣” 未体现 “兴趣” 相关内容；C “男士仍在尝试报名感兴趣的课程” 符合 “尚未成功报名” 的语境，是正确答案；D “女士无资格修男士提到的课程” 未提及 “资格” 问题，排除。
题目 7
A) They are both to blame.
B) They are both easy to please.
C) They can manage to get along.
D) They will make peace in time.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “责任归属” 的语义判断。A “双方都有责任” 符合对话中对矛盾双方行为的描述，是正确答案；B “双方都容易取悦” 无 “性格随和” 的暗示；C “他们能相处融洽” 与 “存在矛盾” 的语境不符；D “他们会及时和解” 未提及 “和解” 的趋势，排除。
题目 8
A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance.
B) They hope to do miracles with limited resources.
C) They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.
D) They plan to buy out their business partners.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “财务状况” 的推理。A “急需经济援助” 符合 “资金短缺，寻求支持” 的语境，是正确答案；B “希望用有限资源创造奇迹” 无 “创造奇迹” 的表述；C “想从银行借巨款” 未提及 “银行借款”，排除；D “计划收购商业伙伴的股份” 无 “收购” 相关信息，排除。
长对话 1（Questions 9-12）
题目 9
A) We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.
B) We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.
C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.
D) We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “对他人不幸反应” 的原因理解。A “本能反应无法控制” 未体现 “本能” 的暗示；B “想隐藏对不幸的冷漠” 与 “产生某种感受” 的逻辑不符；C “从他人不幸中获得幽默满足感” 符合对话中对 “幸灾乐祸” 心理的描述，是正确答案；D “认为他们刻薄他人是活该” 无 “因果报应” 的表述，排除。
题目 10
A) They want to show their genuine sympathy.
B) They have had similar personal experiences.
C) They don't know how to cope with the situation.
D) They don't want to reveal their own frustration.
答案：D
解析：本题考查 “行为动机” 的推理。A “想表达真诚同情” 与 “隐藏真实感受” 的语境矛盾；B “有类似个人经历” 未提及 “过往经历”，排除；C “不知道如何应对情况” 无 “应对困难” 的描述；D “不想暴露自己的挫败感” 符合 “通过表面行为掩饰内心情绪” 的逻辑，是正确答案。
题目 11
A) They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.
B) It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.
C) It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.
D) They have seen this many times in old films.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “行为意义” 的理解。A “他们想做但不敢做” 未体现 “意愿与勇气的矛盾”；B “是缓解压力的机会” 符合对话中 “通过观察他人窘境释放自身压力” 的暗示，是正确答案；C “难得看到老板丢脸” 无 “老板” 相关信息，排除；D “在老电影中多次看到” 未提及 “电影”，排除。
题目 12
A) To irritate them.
B) To teach them a lesson.
C) To relieve her feelings.
D) To show her courage.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “行为目的” 的判断。A “激怒他们” 无 “挑衅” 的意图描述；B “给他们一个教训” 未体现 “教育意义”，排除；C “释放她的情绪” 符合 “通过行为宣泄内心感受” 的语境，是正确答案；D “展示她的勇气” 无 “勇敢” 的相关表述，排除。
长对话 2（Questions 13-15）
题目 13
A) Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong.
B) Having committed armed robbery.
C) Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.
D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.
答案：D
解析：本题考查 “犯罪行为” 的细节捕捉。A “向香港走私毒品” 未提及 “毒品”，排除；B “犯武装抢劫罪” 无 “武装抢劫” 的信息，排除；C “偷窃同行乘客的包” 与 “携带违禁物品” 的语境不符；D “携带手枪进入香港” 符合对话中 “违禁物品” 的描述，是正确答案。
题目 14
A) He said not a single word during the entire flight.
B) He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.
C) He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.
D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.
答案：D
解析：本题考查 “嫌疑人行为” 的推理。A “全程飞行一言不发” 未提及 “沉默”，排除；B “趁 Kumar 睡着拿走行李” 无 “偷窃行李” 的描述；C “凭借德里大学奖学金旅行” 未提及 “奖学金”，排除；D “涉嫌在 Kumar 包里放了东西” 符合 “违禁物品来源” 的语境暗示，是正确答案。
题目 15
A) Give him a lift.
B) Find Alfred Foster.
C) Check the passenger list.
D) Search all suspicious cars.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “下一步行动” 的细节捕捉。A “让他搭车” 无 “交通协助” 的信息，排除；B “找到 Alfred Foster” 符合对话中 “寻找嫌疑人” 的目标，是正确答案；C “核对乘客名单” 未提及 “名单核对”，排除；D “搜查所有可疑车辆” 无 “车辆搜查” 的描述，排除。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One（Questions 16-18）
题目 16
A) They think travel has become a trend.
B) They think travel gives them their money's worth.
C) They find many of the banks untrustworthy.
D) They lack the expertise to make capital investments.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “旅行选择原因” 的细节理解。A “认为旅行已成趋势” 未提及 “趋势”，排除；B “认为旅行物有所值” 符合 passage 中 “游客重视旅行性价比” 的描述，是正确答案；C “发现很多银行不可信” 无 “银行信任度” 的内容，排除；D “缺乏资本投资专业知识” 未提及 “投资”，排除。
题目 17
A) Lower their prices to attract more customers.
B) Introduce travel packages for young travelers.
C) Design programs targeted at retired couples.
D) Launch a new program of adventure trips.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “旅游机构策略” 的推理。A “降价吸引更多顾客” 未提及 “降价”，排除；B “推出针对年轻旅行者的套餐” 无 “年轻群体” 的定位，排除；C “设计针对退休夫妇的项目” 符合 passage 中 “退休群体旅行需求增长” 的语境，是正确答案；D “推出新的探险旅行项目” 未提及 “探险”，排除。
题目 18
A) The role of travel agents.
B) The way people travel.
C) The number of last-minute bookings.
D) The prices of polar expeditions.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “passage 核心话题” 的概括。A “旅行社的作用” 仅为细节，非核心；B “人们的旅行方式” 涵盖 passage 中 “旅行选择、机构策略” 等内容，是核心话题；C “最后一分钟预订数量” 仅为细节，排除；D “极地探险价格” 未提及，排除。
Passage Two（Questions 19-21）
题目 19
A) The old stereotypes about men and women.
B) The changing roles played by men and women.
C) The division of labor between men and women.
D) The widespread prejudice against women.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “passage 主题” 的判断。A “男女旧有刻板印象” 未体现 “变化”，排除；B “男女角色的变化” 符合 passage 中 “传统角色转变” 的核心内容，是正确答案；C “男女分工” 仅为细节，非主题；D “对女性的普遍偏见” 未提及 “偏见”，排除。
题目 20
A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.
B) Ask questions that often lead to controversy.
C) Speak loudly enough to attract attention.
D) Raise issues on behalf of women.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “女性在特定场景中的表现” 的细节。A “比男性提出更多有创意且实用的想法” 符合 passage 中 “女性思维优势” 的描述，是正确答案；B “提出引发争议的问题” 未提及 “争议”，排除；C “大声说话吸引注意力” 无 “音量” 相关描述，排除；D “代表女性提出问题” 未体现 “代表身份”，排除。
题目 21
A) To prove that she could earn her living as a gardener.
B) To show that women are more hardworking than men.
C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do.
D) To prove that she was really irritated with her husband.
答案：C
解析：本题考查 “行为目的” 的推理。A “证明自己能以园艺为生” 未提及 “谋生”，排除；B “证明女性比男性更勤奋” 无 “勤奋对比”，排除；C “证明女性能做男性做的事” 符合 passage 中 “打破性别能力局限” 的主题，是正确答案；D “证明自己对丈夫很生气” 未提及 “夫妻矛盾”，排除。
Passage Three（Questions 22-25）
题目 22
A) Covering major events of the day in the city.
B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.
D) Writing articles on family violence.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 “工作内容” 的细节捕捉。A “报道城市每日重大事件” 范围过广，排除；B “报道格林维尔的犯罪案件” 符合 passage 中 “聚焦当地犯罪新闻” 的描述，是正确答案；C “为每日头条寻找新闻” 未提及 “头条”，排除；D “撰写家庭暴力文章” 仅为部分内容，非全部工作，排除。
题目 23
A) It is a much safer place than it used to be.
B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.
C) Assaults often happen on school campuses.
D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.
答案：D
解析：本题考查 “地区安全状况” 的推理。A “比过去安全得多” 未提及 “安全变化趋势”，排除；B “市中心很少发生强奸案” 无 “市中心” 的细节，排除；C “袭击事件常发生在校园” 未提及 “校园”，排除；D “暴力犯罪比大城市少” 符合 passage 中 “小城与大城市犯罪率对比” 的描述，是正确答案。
题目 24
A) There are a wide range of cases.
B) They are very destructive.
C) There has been a rise in such crimes.
D) They have aroused fear among the residents.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “犯罪案件特点” 的细节。A “案件类型广泛” 符合 passage 中 “各类犯罪案件均有报道” 的描述，是正确答案；B “极具破坏性” 未提及 “破坏程度”，排除；C “此类犯罪数量上升” 无 “数量变化”，排除；D “引发居民恐惧” 未提及 “居民情绪”，排除。
题目 25
A) Write about something pleasant.
B) Do some research on local politics.
C) Offer help to crime victims.
D) Work as a newspaper editor.
答案：A
解析：本题考查 “个人意愿” 的细节。A “写一些愉快的内容” 符合 passage 中 “厌倦报道犯罪，想转换题材” 的描述，是正确答案；B “研究地方政治” 未提及 “政治”，排除；C “帮助犯罪受害者” 未提及 “援助行为”，排除；D “担任报纸编辑” 无 “职业变动” 的意图，排除。
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
原文填空及解析
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flavors
解析：结合语境 “31 种冰淇淋______”，此处需填 “口味”，对应 “flavors”，强调冰淇淋的口味种类。
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confused
解析：前文提到 “太多选择”，后文 “不开心、犹豫不决”，此处需填 “困惑的”，“confused” 符合 “选择过多导致迷茫” 的逻辑。
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particularly
解析：此处强调 “在工作场所尤其如此”，“particularly” 表程度递进，符合语境对场景的突出。
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behavior
解析：结合 “关于人类______的六本书作者”，“behavior”（行为）符合 “研究人类行为” 的语义，搭配合理。
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variety
解析：“a variety of” 为固定搭配，意为 “多种多样的”，此处 “多种技能和兴趣”，符合 “毕业生能力多元” 的描述。
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paralyzed
解析：前文提到 “选择过多导致犹豫不决”，此处 “在选择最终职业目标时______”，“paralyzed”（陷入停滞）符合 “因选择多而无法决策” 的语境。
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senior
解析：“senior year” 指 “大四”，结合 “大学生求职” 的背景，此处为 “大四学生的决策过程”，语义通顺。
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strategies
解析：“job-hunting strategies” 意为 “求职策略”，结合后文 “职业决策”，此处填 “策略” 符合 “求职过程中的规划” 的语义。
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who had considered every option would be the most satisfied with their choices
解析：前文将学生分为 “最大化者（考虑所有选项）” 和 “满足者（找到足够好的选项）”，此处承接 “你可能认为考虑所有选项的学生最满意自己的选择”，与后文 “但事实并非如此” 形成转折，逻辑连贯。
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lies in the way maximizers and satisficers process information
解析：后文解释 “最大化者更关注放弃的东西而非得到的”，此处需填 “原因在于两类人处理信息的方式不同”，引出后文的原因分析，衔接自然。
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you can't help but regret the options you didn't choose, which diminishes your satisfaction with the choice you did make
解析：承接前文 “关注放弃的东西”，此处进一步说明 “考虑所有选项后，会忍不住后悔未选择的选项，从而降低对所选选项的满意度”，解释 “最大化者不开心” 的核心原因，语义完整。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
题目 1
What is the author's main concern about American higher education?
A) The small proportion of minority students.
B) The low graduation rates of minority students.
C) The growing conflicts among ethnic groups.
D) The poor academic performance of students.
答案：B
解析：本题考查主旨大意。文章开篇指出 “美国大学招收少数民族学生比例增加，但毕业率是另一回事”，后文围绕 “少数民族学生毕业率低” 展开，提及不同学校的毕业率差距、影响及解决措施。A “少数民族学生比例小” 与原文 “招收比例增加” 矛盾；C “种族冲突加剧” 未提及；D “学生学业表现差” 非核心，核心是 “毕业率低”，故选 B。
题目 2
What was the pride of President Barry Mills of Bowdoin College?
A) The prestige of its liberal arts programs.
B) Its ranking among universities in Maine.
C) The high graduation rates of its students.
D) Its increased enrollment of minority students.
答案：D
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “Barry Mills... was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students... boosted the proportion... from 8% to 13%”，可知其骄傲之处是 “少数民族学生招生比例增加”。A “文科项目声望”、B “在缅因州的排名” 未提及；C “学生高毕业率” 与原文 “毕业率有待提升” 不符，故选 D。
题目 3
What is the risk facing America?
A) Its schools will be overwhelmed by the growing number of illegal immigrants.
B) The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.
C) More poor and non-white students will be denied access to college.
D) It is going to lose its competitive edge in higher education.
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one”，直接对应选项 B。A “学校被非法移民淹没”、C “贫困和非白人学生被拒入学” 未提及；D “失去高等教育竞争优势” 是毕业率低的潜在影响，非直接风险，故选 B。
题目 4
How many African-American students earned their degrees in California community colleges according to a recent review?
A) Fifty-six percent.
B) Thirty-nine percent.
C) Fifteen percent.
D) Sixty-seven percent.
答案：C
解析：本题考查细节筛选。根据原文 “A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well”，可知非裔美国人毕业率为 15%，对应选项 C。A、B、D 均为其他学校或种族的毕业率，排除。
题目 5
Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates mainly because _______.
A) their students work harder
B) they recruit the best students
C) their classes are generally smaller
D) they give students more attention
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节推理。根据原文 “But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students”，可知顶尖私立学校毕业率无差距的主要原因是 “能挑选最优秀的学生”。A “学生更努力” 未提及；C “班级规模小”、D “给予更多关注” 是私立学校的普遍特点，但非主要原因，故选 B。
题目 6
How does Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust view minority students' failure to get a degree?
A) Universities are to blame.
B) Students don't work hard.
C) The government fails to provide the necessary support.
D) Affirmative action should be held responsible.
答案：A
解析：本题考查观点态度。根据原文 “Amy Wilkins... says... Colleges are not holding up their end”，可知她认为 “大学没有尽到责任”，即大学应受指责。B “学生不努力”、C “政府未提供支持” 未提及；D “平权行动应负责” 是部分批评者的观点，非她的看法，故选 A。
题目 7
Why do some students drop out after a year or two according to the author?
A) They have lost confidence in themselves.
B) They cannot afford the high tuition.
C) They cannot adapt to the rigor of the school.
D) They fail to develop interest in their studies.
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students... often wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out”，可知辍学原因是 “无法承担高额学费”。A “失去信心”、C “无法适应学校严格要求”、D “对学习失去兴趣” 未提及，故选 B。
题目 8
To tackle the problem of graduation gap, the University of Wisconsin-Madison helps minority students get over the stereotype that _______.
答案：they are less qualified
解析：本题考查细节填空。根据原文 “help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified”，直接提取答案，强调 “帮助少数民族学生克服‘他们不够合格’的刻板印象”。
题目 9
For years, private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have provided minority students with _______ during the summer before freshman year.
答案：some preparatory courses
解析：本题考查细节填空。根据原文 “private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some preparatory courses”，提取 “一些预备课程” 作为答案，符合 “提前提供预备课程” 的语境。
题目 10
Washington and Lee University is cited as an example to show that the gap of graduation rates between whites and minorities can _______.
答案：be closed
解析：本题考查细节推理。根据原文 “With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed... Washington and Lee... graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites”，可知该大学案例证明 “白人和少数民族学生的毕业率差距可以被缩小（消除）”，故填 “be closed”。
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
题目 47
Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________.
答案：what she has in mind
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “The first rule... don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what”，直接提取 “她心里的想法”，即 “what she has in mind”。
题目 48
The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.
答案：challenging her authority
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority”，“raise the stakes” 对应 “running a greater risk”，故答案为 “challenging her authority”（挑战她的权威）。
题目 49
One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution.
答案：consequences
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences... propose a Plan B”，“Plan B” 对应 “alternative solution”，故答案为 “consequences”（后果）。
题目 50
To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________.
答案：be proposed and reviewed
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection... if they believe they were given a fair hearing”，可知 “建立故事提议和审核制度” 以保证公平，故答案为 “be proposed and reviewed”。
题目 51
People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________.
答案：confrontations
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “By anticipating 'What if...?' situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations”，“ease you out of” 对应 “avoid”，故答案为 “confrontations”（冲突）。
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One（Questions 52-56）
题目 52
What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A) Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.
B) The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story.
C) The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.
D) The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.
答案：D
解析：本题考查段落主旨。第一段指出 “美国公众普遍认为移民对经济有害，但大多数经济学家认为移民带来小幅净增长”，即公众与经济学家观点不同。A “经济学家困惑” 与 “达成共识” 矛盾；B“过去依赖移民，现在不同” 未提及；C “经济学家不鼓励移民” 与 “小幅净增长” 不符，故选 D。
题目 53
In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?
A) They can access all kinds of public services.
B) They can get consumer goods at lower prices.
C) They can mix with people of different cultures.
D) They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.
答案：B
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets”，可知普通人受益于 “消费品价格降低”。A “享受所有公共服务” 未提及；C “文化融合” 非经济受益点；D “避免体力劳动” 未提及，故选 B。
题目 54
Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?
A) They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.
B) They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.
C) They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.
D) They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.
答案：C
解析：本题考查细节推理。根据原文 “Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor... immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9%”，可知低技能工人因 “外国劳动力竞争，工资降低，难以找到高薪工作”。A “福利获取困难”、B “种族冲突” 未提及；D “技能不如移民” 无依据，故选 C。
题目 55
What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?
A) It may change the existing social structure.
B) It may pose a threat to their economic status.
C) It may lead to social instability in the country.
D) It may place a great strain on the state budget.
答案：D
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “what worried them most... was the fiscal burden of immigration”，“fiscal burden” 对应 “state budget strain”（州财政预算压力）。A “改变社会结构”、B “威胁经济地位”、C “社会不稳定” 未提及，故选 D。
题目 56
What is the irony about the debate over immigration?
A) Even economists can't reach a consensus about its impact.
B) Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.
C) People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.
D) There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.
答案：C
解析：本题考查细节理解。根据原文 “The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal”，即 “讽刺之处在于争议激烈，但移民的净影响很小”，对应 “对影响小的事大惊小怪”。A “经济学家未达成共识” 与 “达成小幅净增长的共识” 矛盾；B “反对者受益最多” 未提及；D “相反观点无本质区别” 未提及，故选 C。
Passage Two（Questions 57-61）
题目 57
What characterises the business school student population of today?
A) Greater diversity.
B) Intellectual maturity.
C) Exceptional diligence.
D) Higher ambition.
答案：A
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “Walk into a class today... you will now see plenty more women... a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals”，可知如今商学院学生 “更多元化”。B “智力成熟”、C “异常勤奋”、D “更高抱负” 未提及，故选 A。
题目 58
What is the author's concern about current business school education?
A) It will arouse students' unrealistic expectations.
B) It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.
C) It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.
D) It stresses competition rather than cooperation.
答案：B
解析：本题考查观点态度。根据原文 “this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity... risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future”，可知作者担忧 “培养出风格统一的商业领袖”。A “引发不切实际的期望”、C “重理论轻实践”、D “重竞争轻合作” 未提及，故选 B。
题目 59
What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?
A) Age and educational background.
B) Social and professional experience.
C) Attitude and approach to business.
D) Ethnic origin and gender.
答案：C
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed... diversity of attitude and approach - arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters”，可知 “态度和商业方法的多样性” 最重要。A “年龄和教育背景”、B “社会和职业经验”、D “种族和性别” 是表面多样性，非核心，故选 C。
题目 60
What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider recruiting?
A) Applicants with prior experience in business companies.
B) Applicants with sound knowledge in math and statistics.
C) Applicants from outside the traditional sectors.
D) Applicants from less developed regions and areas.
答案：C
解析：本题考查细节推理。根据原文 “schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking... They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts”，可知应招收 “传统行业以外的申请者”。A “有商业公司经验” 是传统申请者；B “数学和统计学知识扎实” 未提及；D “来自欠发达地区” 未提及，故选 C。
题目 61
What does Mannaz say about the current management style?
A) It is eradicating the tough aspects of management.
B) It encourages male and female executives to work side by side.
C) It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.
D) It is shifting towards more collaborative models.
答案：D
解析：本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management... increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models”，可知当前管理风格 “转向更协作的模式”。A “消除管理的强硬面” 过于绝对；B “鼓励男女高管并肩工作” 未提及；C “采用蛮横总裁模式” 与 “转向温和风格” 矛盾，故选 D。
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
题目 62
A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers
答案：D
解析：结合语境 “通常由______从毕业生简历的课外活动中推断潜力”，“employers”（雇主）符合 “招聘时评估毕业生潜力” 的场景。A “顾问”、B “专家”、C “评论家” 与 “招聘评估” 无关，排除。
题目 63
A) which B) but C) unless D) since
答案：B
解析：前文 “通常由雇主推断” 与后文 “布里斯托大学推出奖项正式化成就” 形成转折关系，“but” 表转折，符合逻辑。A “引导定语从句”、C “除非”、D “因为” 均不符合语境，排除。
题目 64
A) divide B) devote C) deliver D) donate
答案：B
解析：“devote time to sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “投入时间做某事”，此处 “学生投入时间到课程外活动”，语义通顺。A “划分”、C “交付”、D “捐赠” 均无法与 “time” 搭配，排除。
题目 65
A) harmonious B) competitive C) resourceful D) prosperous
答案：B
解析：结合 “就业市场” 语境，“competitive”（竞争激烈的）符合 “帮助学生在竞争激烈的市场中提升自己” 的语义。A “和谐的”、C “足智多谋的”、D “繁荣的” 均不贴合 “就业市场压力”，排除。
题目 66
A) artistic B) technical C) academic D) interactive
答案：C
解析：“academic qualifications” 意为 “学历”，与 “工作和生活技能” 并列，符合 “除了学历外，还需获取技能” 的语境。A “艺术的”、B “技术的”、D “互动的” 均与 “资格” 搭配不当，排除。
题目 67
A) dominantly B) earnestly C) necessarily D) gracefully
答案：C
解析：“not necessarily” 为固定搭配，意为 “不一定”，此处 “学生不一定意识到课堂外活动的价值”，语义通顺。A “主要地”、B “认真地”、D “优雅地” 均不符合语境，排除。
题目 68
A) outside B) along C) over D) through
答案：A
解析：前文 “课堂外的活动” 对应 “outside the lecture hall”（讲堂之外），符合语义。B “沿着”、C“在…… 之上”、D “通过” 均无法体现 “课堂外”，排除。
题目 69
A) generous B) considerate C) enlightening D) demanding
答案：D
解析：结合后文 “雇主希望学生能解释技能与工作的相关性”，可知雇主 “要求更高”，“demanding”（要求高的）符合语境。A “慷慨的”、B “体贴的”、C “有启发的” 均不符合 “雇主对毕业生的要求”，排除。
题目 70
A) origin B) initial C) popularity D) potential
答案：D
解析：前文 “推断潜力” 对应 “look for potential”（寻找潜力），此处 “过去雇主寻找潜力，认为挖掘技能价值是他们的工作”，语义连贯。A “起源”、B “最初的”、C “受欢迎度” 均不符合语境，排除。
题目 71
A) relevant B) responsive C) reluctant D) respective
答案：A
解析：“be relevant to” 为固定搭配，意为 “与…… 相关”，此处 “解释技能与工作的相关性”，语义通顺。B “响应的”、C “不情愿的”、D “各自的” 均无法与 “to” 搭配表 “相关”，排除。
题目 72
A) out B) off C) away D) up
答案：D
解析：“sign up for” 为固定搭配，意为 “报名参加”，此处 “报名参加该奖项的学生”，符合语义。A “sign out”（退出）、B “sign off”（停止广播）、C “sign away”（签字放弃）均不符合 “报名” 语境，排除。
题目 73
A) casual B) elective C) domestic D) voluntary
答案：D
解析：与 “work experience”（工作经验）并列，“voluntary work”（志愿工作）符合 “完成 50 小时工作经验或志愿工作” 的语义。A “随意的”、B “选修的”、C “国内的” 均不符合 “志愿活动” 的语境，排除。
题目 74
A) or B) thus C) so D) and
答案：D
解析：前文 “完成工作经验、参加研讨会、参与技能活动” 与后文 “撰写技能总结” 为并列关系，“and” 表并列，符合逻辑。A “或者”、B “因此”、C “所以” 均不符合并列关系，排除。
题目 75
A) Occasional B) Exceptional C) Informative D) Relative
答案：B
解析：“Exceptional efforts” 意为 “非凡的努力”，对应 “获得杰出成就奖”，语义通顺。A “偶尔的”、C “提供信息的”、D “相对的” 均无法体现 “获得奖项的努力程度”，排除。
题目 76
A) perform B) convey C) circulate D) formulate
答案：A
解析：“perform best on the sports field” 意为 “在运动场上表现最佳”，符合 “获得体育奖项” 的语境。B “传达”、C “传播”、D “制定” 均无法与 “on the sports field” 搭配，排除。
题目 77
A) roughly B) randomly C) formally D) fortunately
答案：C
解析：结合后文 “学生处理难缠房东获得谈判技能”，可知经验 “不一定是正式组织的”，“formally”（正式地）符合语境。A “粗略地”、B “随机地”、D “幸运地” 均不符合 “经验的组织形式”，排除。
题目 78
A) For instance B) In essence C) In contrast D) Of course
答案：A
解析：后文 “学生处理房东的例子” 是对前文 “非正规组织经验” 的举例，“For instance”（例如）表举例，符合逻辑。B “本质上”、C “相反”、D “当然” 均不符合举例关系，排除。
题目 79
A) demonstrated B) determined C) operated D) involved
答案：A
解析：“demonstrated negotiation skills” 意为 “展示谈判技能”，此处 “学生通过处理房东问题展示谈判技能”，语义通顺。B “决定”、C “操作”、D “参与” 均无法与 “技能” 搭配，排除。
题目 80
A) device B) section C) scheme D) distraction
答案：C
解析：前文 “布里斯托大学推出的奖项” 是一项 “计划”，“scheme”（计划、方案）符合语境。A “设备”、B “部分”、D “分心的事” 均不符合 “奖项计划” 的语义，排除。
题目 81
A) attendants B) agents C) members D) peers
答案：D
解析：“less-active peers” 意为 “不太活跃的同龄人”，此处 “鼓励不太活跃的同龄人参与学术外活动”，语义通顺。A “服务员”、B “代理人”、C “成员” 均不符合 “学生之间” 的语境，排除。
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
题目 82
Even though they were already late, they ____________________ (宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色) than just go on.
答案：would rather stop to admire the beautiful scenery
解析：本题考查 “宁愿…… 而不愿……” 的表达，“would rather do than do” 为固定结构；“停下来欣赏” 用 “stop to admire”（stop 后接不定式表目的）；“美丽的景色” 译为 “the beautiful scenery”，语义准确，符合语法规范。
题目 83
No agreement was reached in the discussion between the two parties, as ____________________ (任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场).
答案：neither party was willing to give up their own position
解析：本题考查 “任何一方都不”，用 “neither party”（双方中任何一方都不）；“不肯放弃” 译为 “was not willing to give up”；“立场” 译为 “position”，句子时态与前文 “was reached” 一致，用一般过去时，语法正确，语义通顺。
题目 84
The pills ____________________ (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn't follow the doctor's advice and take them regularly.
答案：could have cured that cancer patient
解析：本题考查 “本来可以做某事（未做）”，用 “could have done” 结构；“治愈” 译为 “cure”；“癌症病人” 译为 “cancer patient”，结合后文 “didn't follow”，可知是对过去的虚拟，结构正确，语义准确。
题目 85
It is ____________________ (你真好，给了我那么多帮助); I really feel obliged to you.
答案：very kind of you to give me so much help
解析：本题考查 “某人真好做某事”，用 “it is kind of sb. to do sth.” 结构；“给了我那么多帮助” 译为 “to give me so much help”，符合固定句式，语义自然。
题目 86
The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was thirty years ____________________ (他们才得以重聚).
答案：before they could be reunited
解析：本题考查 “过了多久才……”，用 “it was + 时间 + before...” 结构；“得以重聚” 译为 “could be reunited”（被动形式表 “被团聚”），时态与前文 “left” 一致，用一般过去时，语法正确，语义连贯。
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