2026 年北京航空航天大学考博真题 样题
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北京航空航天大学 2005 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 points)
Section One (10 points)
Directions: You will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. After you have heard each conversation, choose the best answer. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
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A. She disagrees with the man.
B. She doesn't agree with Cynthia.
C. She thinks it's narrow minded.
D. She doesn't believe either of them.
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A. That she needs $200 to open an account.
B. That savings accounts earn low interest.
C. That she should not open an account.
D. That $2,000 will earn reasonable interest.
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A. That his wife has a bad character.
B. That the Consul's reception will start later than usual.
C. That he normally has to wait for his wife.
D. That it will take a long time for her to get ready.
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A. She'll be given an extra quarter to finish it.
B. She'll get a very low grade.
C. She won't be able to continue her studies.
D. She'll feel very disappointed.
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A. Find the trouble.
B. Carry the parts outside.
C. Practice working together.
D. Follow the directions.
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A. She would like the store to send it to her.
B. It will arrive next week.
C. It must be wrapped quickly.
D. She will take it with her to save trouble.
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A. Try a new ribbon.
B. Help her type the paper.
C. Get another typewriter.
D. Change the paper.
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A. Inform Mrs. Jones.
B. Dial the international code number first.
C. Pay in advance.
D. Use his own phone.
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A. It's smaller than the old one.
B. It's larger than the old one.
C. It's quieter than the old one.
D. It's worse than the old one.
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A. Peter is going to fly to New York.
B. Peter is going to fly to Iran next week.
C. Peter went to Iran last week.
D. Peter will stay in New York.
Section Two (5 points)
Directions: You are going to hear twice a talk from a course director. As you listen, fill in the gaps below. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
There is a variety of opinions about the proper 11. ______ that should exist within initial teacher education between 12. ______ in schools and the study of the disciplines of education. It is our conviction that beginning teachers need to confront and 13. ______ on ideas about the aims and methods of education, but we believe more strongly that the 14. ______ of teaching is best learnt in school, working with 15. ______ teachers.
Section Three (10 points)
Directions: Listen to the news twice and try to answer the following questions. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
16. Where did the man break into?
17. How much money has been stolen?
18. How did he get away?
19. Why is the man dangerous?
Part II Reading Comprehension
Section One (15 points, 1 point each)
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening it with a pencil.
Passage 1
All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fit into our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it.
Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard (调车场). All of the switches we can see are set before the train arrives so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch. We can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events.
When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future, but beyond that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.
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According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we
A. have too many conflicting theories
B. do not have enough funding to continue our research
C. are not sure how the universe is put together
D. have focused our investigations on the moon and planets
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What does the author see as the function of the universe's unseen "switches"?
A. They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use.
B. They enable us to alter the course of the universe.
C. They give us information about the lunar surface.
D. They determine which course the universe will take in the future.
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In Paragraph 3, the word "track" could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. Band.
B. Reeds.
C. Path.
D. Sequence.
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For whom is the author probably writing this passage?
A. Train engineers.
B. General audiences.
C. Professors of statistics.
D. Young children.
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Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. A statement illustrated by an analogy.
B. A hypothesis supported by confirmation.
C. A comparison of two contrasting theories.
D. A critical analysis of a common assumption.
Passage 2
The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.
America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third new nation—the United States—based itself squarely on republican principles.
Yet even the political overhaul was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.
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Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The United States: An Isolated Community.
B. Breathtaking Events during the American Revolution.
C. Canada and the American War of Independence.
D. The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution.
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In the first paragraph, what does the author suggest about the French and Russian revolutions?
A. They were explosive and abrupt.
B. They were ineffective.
C. They involved only those people living in urban areas.
D. They led to the release of political prisoners.
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In lines 6-7, what does the author mean by "people went on working and praying, marrying and playing"?
A. More people got married than divorced.
B. The war created new jobs.
C. People had more than enough leisure time.
D. Life went on as usual.
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It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were
A. Russian
B. French
C. British
D. Australian
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What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?
A. The transport of prisoners to Australia.
B. The creation of new state governments.
C. How the American Revolution evolved.
D. How Canada and the United States became friends.
Passage 3
Research that went into developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected practical applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motors, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by-products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and procedures designed for use in medicine, industry, and the home—these valuable by-products of space research, called spin-offs—have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.
Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors' offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. The sight switch is now used by handicapped people to operate devices using eye movements. Another spin-off is the voice command device, which was designed to enable astronauts to steer their spacecraft by voice command. This device is now being used to help deaf people learn to speak.
Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television cameras small enough to be attached to a surgeon's head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.
One of the most valuable contributions of aerospace technology to industry is a management technique called the systems approach. With the aid of computers, this technique brings together all the elements of a complex project, including people, money, and materials, to ensure that everything is completed at the optimum time. It has been applied to a variety of situations unrelated to space exploration. Among them are cancer research, hospital design, city planning, crime detection, pollution control, building construction, and transportation.
The experience gained from developing NASA spacesuits was applied to the process of designing clothing for use in other professions. Firefighters now have lighter and special "fire-blocking" materials that are more resistant to burning. Spacers used for cushioning in moon boots were adapted for use in athletic shoes that are designed to reduce fatigue and injury.
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The word "such" in Paragraph 2 refers to
A. spin-offs from space research
B. research in hospitals
C. research in doctors' offices
D. handicapped people
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The author mentions hearing aids and television cameras as examples of
A. spin-offs from the technology required to make miniature durable instruments for space flight
B. important applications of space research in industry
C. inventions by aerospace scientists in England
D. ways to enhance the benefits of space exploration
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The main topic of Paragraph 4 is
A. The importance of management techniques.
B. The complexity of hospital design.
C. Users of computers in industry.
D. Applications of the systems approach.
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The word "optimum" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. most accurate
B. best
C. latest
D. fastest
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The article mainly discusses
A. devices that enable astronauts to control their spacecraft
B. the value of the systems approach
C. practical applications of space research
D. ways of monitoring patients
Section Two (10 points, 2 points each)
Directions: Read through the passage and then answer the questions. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 4
The picture of the family television set is finally beginning to change.
For more than 70 years, the big box, crammed with analog technology, has looked pretty much the same. The machine's clunky glass tube is so familiar to Americans that it has become synonymous with TV itself. But advances in technology over the past few years have finally caught up with the grand dame of home entertainment. In many new models, the tube is gone altogether. And that familiar color picture looks a lot sharper—like the view outside a living-room window on a clear blue day.
What's happened? First, a much larger percentage of TVs—some of them still with tubes—are built to show high-definition programming. When these programs are fed to viewers via a high-definition signal, HDTV-ready televisions can display them with 10 times the resolution of an analog set. Besides providing a clearer, crisper picture, other new TVs are lighter and slimmer. By transmitting TV signals through thin layers of plasma or liquid crystal, rather than a tube, manufacturers have trimmed the depth of TVs to as little as three inches. Buyers can hang a flat-panel TV from a wall instead of eating up living-room space.
High-definition and flat-panel digital TVs have been around for a few years. But better technology and aggressive efforts on the part of retailers to sell them have recently caught consumer attention.
More people than retailers had expected are buying new models, some of which integrate both advances. And while prices remain too high for many buyers, the growing popularity of the new TVs sends a clear message: After 2003, television will never look the same. About 2.4 million high-definition-ready TVs were sold last year—more than an 80 percent increase over the previous year. (Note: An "HDTV-ready" set still requires the addition of a special tuner, often costing about $350, to receive HDTV broadcasts. An "integrated" set has such a tuner built in.) Flat-panel purchases—some HDTV, some not—rose about 400 percent, to about 1.4 million units, according to the Consumer Electronics Association.
The reason for the stronger sales, say experts, is not that consumers are tired of their old sets, but that they are intrigued by the new technology. People recognize "that they can watch, at home, TV that has the same quality [as] what they watch in the theater," says Alan McCollough, president of Circuit City, the national electronics chain. HDTVs provide a cinema-quality picture. The sets show movies and TV programs with a resolution of as many as 1,080 lines per second, compared with 480 for standard sets. Flat-panel TVs that hang high on a wall are being used to replicate the feel of a theater. Experts say the models are particularly popular among women, who appear most likely to appreciate the sets' interior-design benefits. Both types of TVs usually come pretty large—between 30 and 60 inches, measured diagonally. And they are often capable of displaying the widescreen versions of movies, without cutting off the sides or requiring a "letter box" format, which shrinks the picture.
So given all this new technology, what is the perfect set to buy? The answer hinges on how much you are willing to spend.
The ultimate TV might combine a high-definition picture with a flat-panel, wide-screen frame. Several manufacturers offer these models. Sony's 32-inch set, for example, sells for $5,000. Pioneer's 43-inch model costs $8,000.
But the two technologies, high-definition and flat-panel, can also be bought separately. In fact, high-definition technology inside a regular tube or projection TV is less expensive than in a flat-panel set. Samsung and Phillips sell 27-inch HDTV-ready tube models for $800 and $900, respectively. RCA's 52-inch HDTV-ready projection monitor sells for $1,900.
Flat-panel TVs, conversely, are a bit better priced without high-definition technology. Gateway, better known for manufacturing computers, sells a 42-inch plasma screen for $3,000. Panasonic offers a 42-inch model for less than $5,000. TVs with a liquid crystal display (LCD) come in smaller sizes and cost as little as $1,000 for a 15-inch set.
Prices on most of these models are half of what they were a few years ago, and industry analysts expect them to drop at a similar rate over the next 18 months. "It's coming within the realm of affordability for mainstream consumers," says David Dritsas, editor of Dealerscope Magazine. Experts credit much of the price drop to decisions by mass-marketers to stock and heavily promote the new TVs, even before consumers showed interest in buying them.
Even as retailers believe these new TVs will drive most of their future sales, and are aggressively pushing them in stores, consumers have reasons to wait. Some experts believe plasma and LCD offer a poorer picture compared with even standard analog sets, and some models are susceptible to an image "burning" into the screen if the picture does not change for several hours. They are relatively untested as a day-to-day consumer product. "The biggest issue right now is we're not sure how long they'll last because no one has owned them for that long," says Ms. Jenson.
The broad availability of high-definition technology is also in question. By 2006, networks will be required to offer all programs in high HDTV format, and several have already begun to switch to high-definition for prime-time programs. But fewer than 10 percent of the 733 local television stations that broadcast high-definition programming are being carried on cable systems capable of delivering the format, according to the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB). Moreover, because two-thirds of all American households receive their local channels via cable, most viewers cannot access the high-definition versions of programs right now.
But that issue could be resolved in a year or so, say experts, as cable companies and TV manufacturers come closer to agreeing on a standard by which the function of a cable box—used to pull in channels—can be performed by a high-definition router. Right now, most consumers buy the tuner separately. Carrier issues aside, other observers are more concerned by the effect a revolution in TV technology might have on the dynamics of the American household.
When TV first reached the mass market in the 1940s, say experts, its placement in the front room of the house changed the way Americans thought about home life. "The front room used to be for guests," says Notre Dame University communications professor Christine Becker. "When the TV came along, it complicated the separation between the public and private."
Now, some experts hypothesize that widespread adoption of high-end TVs could prompt consumers to make entertainment that was once an entirely public experience, like movie-going, a home-based activity. "If you can get as good an image at home with home theater, cinema attendance may fall victim," says William Uricchio, a professor of comparative media studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
- Summarize the main idea of the passage in less than 20 words.
- Where is this passage most probably taken from?
- What are the two technologies mentioned in the passage?
- According to the passage, why is the broad availability of high-definition technology still in question?
- What does the sentence "…widespread adoption of high-end TVs could prompt consumers to make entertainment that was once an entirely public experience" mean?
Part III Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet by blackening it with a pencil.
The Swiss Alps were once the place to come for a breath of fresh air. But no more.
The government estimates that half the trees in Switzerland are sick and are 41. ______, as a result of air pollution. Parliament wants to change that. It has ordered the cabinet to devise measures which would 42. ______ the air to the quality of the 1950s, but it is learning that some things are easier said 43. ______ done. Interior Minister Flavio Cotti reported back this month that Switzerland had pioneered the 44. ______ to cleaner air in Europe, but added: "The government is unable to propose steps that will meet the goals 45. ______ and not all the air pollution is homemade."
The thick smog that paralyzed parts of northern 46. ______ in January was not quite so dramatic here. But snow turned grey as it fell, and doctors warned 47. ______ letting children play outside. Since then, local authorities have been acting 48. ______, not waiting for a national plan of action. Two cities, Basle and Baden, passed laws to 49. ______ motorists who leave their engines running at stop lights. In Zurich, the country's biggest 50. ______ area, the city council adopted a plan to curtail traffic drastically by making the streets narrower and cutting down on parking places. To 51. ______, the Alps are still breathtaking, but increasingly the views are marred by a haze. Government experts worry 52. ______ the damage to the trees has substantially increased the risk of avalanches. And, unlike lowland countries, Switzerland, with 53. ______ deep valleys and irregular weather patterns, cannot count on the wind to blow pollution into someone else's back yard. 54. ______ with the Chernobyl nuclear accident and the Rhine pollution disaster at Basle in November, these factors have led conservative politicians and "Greens" alike to 55. ______ strongly conservationist warnings. Some of the government's key measures are already in place. Switzerland introduced tough US-style car pollution 56. ______ last November which require all new cars to be 57. ______ with catalytic converters—the first European country to do so. Two years ago it cut 58. ______ limits to reduce fumes, and from next month car exhaust levels must be tested 59. ______.
Now it wants tighter controls on diesel-powered vehicles and motorcycles, an end to building new roads and measures to 60. ______ public transport.
- A. dying B. cementing C. drying D. interpreting
- A. dispose B. compromise C. return D. put
- A. and B. than C. or D. so
- A. orbit B. path C. route D. way
- A. in time B. again C. in short D. or else
- A. Asia B. Europe C. Africa D. Switzerland
- A. about B. on C. at D. against
- A. themselves B. together C. independently D. currently
- A. support B. fine C. excuse D. suspect
- A. metropolitan B. urban C. rural D. mountain
- A. be noted B. say nothing C. be sure D. the point
- A. that B. about C. why D. how
- A. their B. its C. one's D. no
- A. Matched B. Dealt C. Surrounded D. Coupled
- A. view B. warn C. sound D. protest
- A. doses B. inspection C. injury D. norms
- A. coped B. equipped C. powered D. run
- A. speed B. car C. vehicle D. consumption
- A. daily B. steadily C. annually D. accordingly
- A. employ B. stop C. modify D. promote
Part IV Translation (20 points)
Directions: Translate the following letter into English.
你就在大学里到底是学历史专业还是学计算机专业一事征求我的意见，那么我就在此试着为你提供一些有用的建议。
如果我是你，我会选择计算机专业而不是历史专业作为自己的专业。你知道，历史，不管它多么令人神往，就业前景不是太好。然而，你要是学计算机专业的话，你就有机会得到报酬丰厚的工作。为未来着想，你应该选择计算机专业。同时，我建议你在业余时间坚持阅读历史书籍，这可以拓宽你的知识面。
我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议，并最终做出一个明智的选择。
Part V Writing (20 points)
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words based on the following instruction.
Some people think it is more important to have a single language as an international official language. Others think that it will make it difficult to identify countries and lose culture. What is your opinion? Show your reasons and examples.
参考答案及解析
Part I Listening Comprehension (略)
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
- C【精析】题干询问难以确定宇宙遥远未来的原因。由文章第一段第三句 “There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together.” 可知，我们不确定宇宙的构成方式，C 选项符合题意。A 选项 “存在太多相互冲突的理论”、B 选项 “没有足够资金继续研究”、D 选项 “研究集中在月球和行星上” 均未在文中提及。
- D【精析】关于宇宙 “看不见的开关” 的作用，根据第二段内容，看不见的开关是未来真正的决策点，到达这些点时发生的事情会决定后续整个事件的走向，即它们决定了宇宙未来的发展方向，D 选项正确。A 选项 “告知宇宙将选择哪条轨道”、B 选项 “使我们能够改变宇宙进程”、C 选项 “提供月球表面信息” 均不符合文意。
- C【精析】“track” 在第三段语境中意为 “轨迹、路径”，与 C 选项 “Path” 含义相近。A 选项 “Band”（乐队、波段）、B 选项 “Reeds”（芦苇）、D 选项 “Sequence”（序列）均不符合语境。
- B【精析】作者用 “火车进入调车场” 这样通俗的类比解释宇宙未来，语言通俗易懂，并非针对特定专业人群，因此是写给普通大众的，B 选项正确。
- A【精析】文章开篇提出观点，随后用 “火车与调车场” 的类比进行阐述，属于 “用类比说明观点” 的结构，A 选项正确。
Passage 2
- D【精析】文章核心是阐述美国革命的性质 —— 是 “加速进化” 而非 “彻底革命”，D 选项准确概括主旨，适合作为标题。A、B、C 选项均仅涉及文章部分内容，未能体现核心观点。
- A【精析】由第一段第二句 “It was not a sudden and violent overturning... such as later occurred in France and Russia...” 可知，法俄革命是突然且暴力的政权颠覆，A 选项 “爆发突然、猛烈” 符合文意。
- D【精析】该句上下文提到美国革命并未严重扰乱人们生活，许多偏远社区甚至不知道战争正在进行，因此 “人们继续工作、祈祷、结婚、娱乐” 意味着生活照常进行，D 选项正确。
- C【精析】根据第二段第二句 “...from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.” 可知，这些效忠者来自美国且说英语，可推断其为英国人，C 选项正确。
- C【精析】文章围绕美国革命的 “进化” 性质展开，接下来最可能继续探讨美国革命是如何逐步发展的，C 选项符合逻辑。A、B、D 选项与文章核心主题关联较小。
Passage 3
- A【精析】第二段首句提到 “太空研究的衍生产品在医院和诊所中有许多著名例子”，随后用 “such example” 指代前文的 “spin-offs from space research”，A 选项正确。
- A【精析】第三段指出，为太空旅行研发的 “小型耐用电子设备技术” 衍生出了助听器和微型摄像机，A 选项准确概括这一逻辑，符合文意。
- D【精析】第四段核心句为 “航空航天技术对工业最有价值的贡献之一是名为‘系统方法’的管理技术”，随后介绍其应用场景，因此主题是 “系统方法的应用”，D 选项正确。
- B【精析】“optimum” 意为 “最佳的、最适宜的”，在工业项目中，“确保一切在最佳时间完成” 符合语境，B 选项 “best” 含义相近。
- C【精析】文章开篇点明主旨 —— 太空旅行技术的研发带来了许多意想不到的实际应用，随后通过多个例子展开说明，C 选项 “太空研究的实际应用” 是文章核心内容。
Passage 4
- 【参考答案】High-definition and flat-panel technologies in household TVs.
【精析】文章围绕高清技术和平板技术在家用电视中的应用、发展及影响展开，核心是这两项技术与家用电视的结合。
- 【参考答案】A technology magazine or newspaper technology section.
【精析】文章聚焦电视技术革新，语言正式且介绍科技动态，符合科技杂志或报纸科技版块的内容特点。
- 【参考答案】High-definition technology and flat-panel technology.
【精析】文中明确提到这两项改变家用电视的核心技术，分别介绍了它们的特点、应用及市场情况。
- 【参考答案】Networks haven’t fully switched to HD format; few cable systems support it, and most households use cable.
【精析】根据文中内容，高清技术普及受限的原因包括：网络尚未全面切换至高清格式，支持高清格式的有线电视系统较少，而大多数美国家庭通过有线电视接收节目。
- 【参考答案】High-end TVs may make public entertainment (e.g., movie-going) become home-based.
【精析】该句意为，高端电视的普及可能促使消费者将曾经完全的公共娱乐（如看电影）转变为家庭活动，即在家就能享受高质量娱乐，无需前往公共场所。
Part III Cloze
- A【精析】前文提到树木 “生病”，结合空气污染的背景，此处应表示 “枯萎、死亡”，A 选项 “dying” 符合文意。B 选项 “cementing”（巩固）、C 选项 “drying”（干燥）、D 选项 “interpreting”（解释）均不符合语境。
- C【精析】议会希望采取措施将空气质量 “恢复” 到 20 世纪 50 年代的水平，C 选项 “return”（恢复）符合文意。A 选项 “dispose”（处理）、B 选项 “compromise”（妥协）、D 选项 “put”（放置）均不合适。
- B【精析】“It's easier said than done.” 是固定俗语，意为 “说起容易做起来难”，B 选项 “than” 正确。
- B【精析】“pioneer the path to...” 意为 “开辟通往…… 的道路”，此处指瑞士在欧洲净化空气方面率先行动，B 选项 “path”（路径、方向）符合搭配。A 选项 “orbit”（轨道）、C 选项 “route”（路线）、D 选项 “way”（方式）均不如 “path” 贴合语境。
- A【精析】句意为 “政府无法及时提出达到目标的措施”，A 选项 “in time”（及时）符合文意。B 选项 “again”（再次）、C 选项 “in short”（简而言之）、D 选项 “or else”（否则）均不符合逻辑。
- B【精析】文章围绕欧洲瑞士的空气污染展开，此处指 “欧洲北部部分地区”，B 选项 “Europe” 正确。
- D【精析】“warn against doing sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “警告不要做某事”，此处指医生警告不要让孩子在户外玩耍，D 选项 “against” 正确。
- C【精析】由 “not waiting for a national plan of action” 可知，地方当局 “独立” 采取行动，C 选项 “independently”（独立地）符合文意。
- B【精析】针对红灯时不熄火的司机，城市通过法律进行 “罚款”，B 选项 “fine”（罚款）符合逻辑。A 选项 “support”（支持）、C 选项 “excuse”（原谅）、D 选项 “suspect”（怀疑）均不合适。
- A【精析】苏黎世是瑞士最大的 “大都市” 地区，A 选项 “metropolitan”（大都市的）比 B 选项 “urban”（城市的）更能体现其规模和地位，C、D 选项不符合实际情况。
- A【精析】“To be noted” 意为 “需要注意的是”，用于引出后续补充内容，符合文意。B 选项 “say nothing”（什么也不说）、C 选项 “be sure”（确定）、D 选项 “to the point”（中肯）均不符合语境。
- A【精析】此处为宾语从句，从句结构完整，无需疑问词，用 “that” 引导即可，A 选项正确。
- B【精析】指代瑞士的深谷，用形容词性物主代词 “its”，B 选项正确。
- D【精析】“Coupled with” 是固定搭配，意为 “加之、连同”，此处指 “加上切尔诺贝利核事故和莱茵河污染灾难”，D 选项正确。
- C【精析】“sound warnings” 意为 “发出警告”，是固定搭配，C 选项正确。
- D【精析】“car pollution norms” 意为 “汽车污染标准”，D 选项 “norms”（标准、规范）符合文意。A 选项 “doses”（剂量）、B 选项 “inspection”（检查）、C 选项 “injury”（伤害）均不合适。
- B【精析】“be equipped with” 是固定搭配，意为 “配备有……”，此处指新车需配备催化转化器，B 选项正确。
- D【精析】为减少废气排放，应降低 “消耗” 限制，D 选项 “consumption”（消耗）符合文意，指汽车燃油消耗。
- C【精析】汽车尾气检测通常为 “年度检测”，C 选项 “annually”（每年）符合实际情况。A 选项 “daily”（每日）过于频繁，B 选项 “steadily”（稳定地）、D 选项 “accordingly”（相应地）不符合语境。
- D【精析】政府应采取措施 “推广” 公共交通，以减少私家车使用，D 选项 “promote”（推广、促进）符合文意。
Part IV Translation
【参考译文】
You asked for my advice on whether to major in history or computer science in college, so I am trying to provide you with some useful suggestions here.
If I were you, I would choose computer science rather than history as my major. You know, no matter how fascinating history is, its employment prospects are not very good. However, if you study computer science, you will have the opportunity to get well-paid jobs. Thinking about the future, you should choose computer science. At the same time, I suggest you keep reading history books in your spare time, which can broaden your knowledge.
I sincerely hope you can consider my suggestions and finally make a wise choice.
Part V Writing
【参考范文】
The Debate Over a Single International Official Language
The proposal of adopting a single international official language has sparked widespread debate. Some advocate for it to facilitate global communication, while others worry about the loss of national identity and culture. In my view, the benefits of a universal language outweigh the potential drawbacks, provided that cultural diversity is preserved.
A single international language can greatly enhance communication efficiency. In international politics, business, and academic exchanges, language barriers often lead to misunderstandings and inefficiencies. For example, international conferences and trade negotiations often require expensive translators, and even then, subtle meanings may be lost. With a common language, cooperation between countries can be smoother, and individuals can access global resources more easily, such as academic papers and job opportunities.
Critics argue that a universal language will erode national cultures. However, this concern can be addressed by emphasizing bilingual education. Countries can retain their native languages while promoting the international language for practical use. For instance, Singapore implements a bilingual policy, where English is used for official and business purposes, and native languages (Chinese, Malay, Tamil) are preserved to maintain cultural roots. This model proves that a universal language and cultural diversity can coexist.
In conclusion, a single international official language is beneficial for global integration and cooperation. As long as we attach importance to protecting native languages and cultures, we can enjoy the convenience of a universal language without losing our cultural identities.
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