Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.
Today we are already in the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes from the teacher.
- The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is ______.
[A] for the teacher to divide students into small groups
[B] to make it possible for students to interact with each other
[C] for the teacher to find out how students think
[D] to give students more opportunities to practice speaking
Policemen, both in Britain and the United States, hardly recognize any likeness between their lives and what they see on TV.
The first difference is that a policeman's real life centers round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.
- It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law ______.
[A] so that he can justify his arrest in court
[B] so that he can catch criminals in the streets
[C] because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
[D] because he has to know as much about law as a professional lawyer
Directions: In each question, decide which of the four options marked with A, B, C and D will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted in the underlined space. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
-
He was determined that none of his children would be ______ an education.
[A] declined [B] neglected [C] denied [D] ceased
-
The jeweler assured Mr. White that the stone was a ______ diamond and not an imitation.
[A] graceful [B] genuine [C] glittering [D] genius
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
When we consider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the working man in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even 71. ______ worse. At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 72. ______
Directions: In this section there is a Chinese passage. Translate it into English. The first sentence has been given as an example. Please write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
中国青年报和新浪网联合开展的一项调查发现，中国富人的社会声誉不佳。
该项民意调查显示，在 3,990 名受访者中，有 70% 的人认为富人道德低下，不值得尊重。仅有 4% 的人对富人持正面印象。
Directions: You are to write a composition of about 200 words entitled "Smog in China" based on the outline given below in Chinese. You should write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
- 近年来中国大陆上雾霾越来越频繁，带来的污染也日趋严重。
- 在我国导致雾霾的原因很多，比如…. 但主要还是由于…. 的。
- 我认为减少雾霾有效办法应该是….
答案：B
详解：本题考查对文章核心目的的理解。根据原文第一段 “Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction” 和第四段 “Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other”，可知重新布置课桌的核心目的是促进学生之间的互动，B 选项正确；A 选项 “老师将学生分组” 是手段而非目的；C 选项 “了解学生想法”、D 选项 “提供更多口语练习机会” 在文中未提及，属于无依据延伸。考博阅读主旨题需紧扣原文核心观点，区分目的与手段、直接意图与间接影响。
答案：A
详解：本题考查细节推理。根据原文第二段 “He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court”，可知警察学习刑法是为了明确犯罪行为和法庭证据，从而在法庭上证明逮捕的合法性，A 选项正确；B 选项 “在街上抓罪犯” 与刑法培训的直接关联不大；C 选项 “罪犯危险” 并非学习刑法的核心原因；D 选项 “和专业律师懂法一样多” 是培训的结果而非目的。此类题目需精准定位原文细节，避免混淆 “目的” 与 “结果”“关联信息” 与 “核心原因”。
答案：C
详解：本题考查动词词义辨析。A 选项 “declined” 意为 “拒绝、下降”，主语通常为事物或人主动拒绝，如 “decline an invitation”，无法用于 “be + 过去分词” 结构表示 “被剥夺教育”；B 选项 “neglected” 意为 “忽视”，侧重 “未给予应有的关注”，如 “neglect one's study”，不与 “education” 搭配表示 “被剥夺”；C 选项 “denied” 意为 “拒绝给予、剥夺”，“be denied an education” 为固定表达，意为 “被剥夺受教育权”，符合语境；D 选项 “ceased” 意为 “停止”，语义与 “教育” 搭配不当。考博词汇题常考查动词的搭配习惯和语义精准性，需积累固定短语和近义词差异。
答案：B
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析。A 选项 “graceful” 意为 “优雅的”，形容人或动作，不修饰 “钻石”；B 选项 “genuine” 意为 “真正的、正品的”，与 “imitation”（仿制品）形成对比，符合 “珠宝商保证钻石是正品” 的语境；C 选项 “glittering” 意为 “闪闪发光的”，仅描述外观，未体现 “正品” 属性；D 选项 “genius” 意为 “天才”，为名词，语法不符。此类题目需结合语境和词性双重判断，牢记形容词的修饰对象和语义侧重。
答案：worse → worse（无需修改，原句正确）
详解：原句 “But earlier it had been even worse” 语法和语义均正确，“even” 可修饰比较级 “worse”，表示 “甚至更糟”，无错误。
答案：being → were
详解：原句 “working conditions being poor and dangerous” 为独立主格结构，而此处与前文 “working hours were... pay was...” 构成并列谓语，需用谓语动词形式。主语 “working conditions” 为复数，结合时态（19 世纪初），应将 “being” 改为 “were”，使句子结构完整、语法正确。考博改错题常考查句子结构一致性，需注意并列句中谓语动词的形式统一。
答案：A survey jointly conducted by China Youth Daily and
Sina.com found that the social reputation of wealthy people in China is poor.
The public opinion poll shows that among 3,990 respondents, 70% believe that the wealthy have low moral standards and are not worthy of respect. Only 4% of the respondents have a positive impression of the wealthy.
详解：翻译严格遵循 “忠实原文、流畅自然、学术规范” 原则。“联合开展” 译为 “jointly conducted”，比 “cooperated to carry out” 更简洁专业；“社会声誉不佳” 译为 “social reputation is poor”，精准传达语义；“道德低下” 译为 “have low moral standards”，避免直译 “moral low” 的中式英语；“值得尊重” 译为 “be worthy of respect”，符合学术表达习惯。考博汉译英需注意短语搭配、句式结构和语义精准，避免语法错误和表达生硬。
参考范文：
In recent years, smog has occurred with increasing frequency in mainland China, bringing severe air pollution that poses a serious threat to public health and the ecological environment. The thick smog has reduced air visibility, disrupted transportation, and even caused a surge in respiratory diseases, seriously affecting people's daily lives and physical well-being.
There are various causes of smog in China. Industrial emissions, such as the burning of coal in factories and the discharge of waste gas, are major sources. In addition, the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles has led to excessive exhaust emissions. Moreover, straw burning in rural areas and construction dust also contribute to the formation of smog. Among these factors, the extensive industrial development model and insufficient environmental governance are the core reasons.
To effectively reduce smog, targeted measures must be taken. First, the government should strengthen environmental supervision, promote industrial upgrading, and encourage the use of clean energy to replace coal. Second, we should optimize the transportation structure, develop public transportation, and promote new energy vehicles. Finally, raising public environmental awareness is essential—everyone should participate in environmental protection, such as reducing car use and saving energy. Only through joint efforts can we improve air quality and build a cleaner living environment.
范文解析：
- 结构清晰：严格按照 “现象描述 - 原因分析 - 解决办法” 的提纲展开，逻辑连贯，层次分明；
- 内容充实：原因部分涵盖工业、交通、农村和建筑等多方面，突出核心因素；解决办法具体可行，兼顾政府、社会和个人层面；
- 语言规范：运用 “pose a threat to, contribute to, targeted measures, industrial upgrading” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、并列句、倒装句），符合博士研究生写作水平；
- 紧扣主题：全文围绕 “雾霾” 展开，不偏离提纲，结尾升华主题，强调合作的重要性。
您现在的位置： 