Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pen.
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When there was a______in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.
A) blank B) space C) wait D) pause
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The senior land administrator pledged previously this year to take tough measures to______the use of land for illegal purposes, especially for the construction of luxurious villas and golf courses.
A) cure B) curt C) curb D) curl
Directions: Read the following four passages in this part and answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
(1) Bruno Lundby, 39, was one of the ranks of typically low-paid, low-status workers who fill supermarket shelves, serve fast food, change hotel beds or empty office waste bins, often at unsocial hours and with little expectation of anything better. Lacking formal qualifications, he drifted from the army into odd cleaning jobs. Then, unexpectedly, he found the opportunity for advancement in a management training program offered by ISS, the Danish support services group. Today he sits in a spotless, air-conditioned office supervising all ISS damage control operations in the greater Copenhagen area. "I couldn't have imagined getting to where I am today when I started," he says. "I was surprised to be offered a future at ISS in 1993 when I became a supervisor." In the past three years, he has been promoted three times.
(2) ISS, which employs 272,000 people in 36 countries in Europe, Asia and Latin America in cleaning and other contract work, still appears to be an exception in the services sector in offering career progression to workers.
(3) The pursuit of customer satisfaction is a strong feature of companies that treat blue-collar staff as more than a commodity. Tesco, the supermarket group that is the UK's largest private sector employer with 210,000 employees, recently formalized a practice of nurturing management potential among shelf-stackers and check-out staff. "The ones who respect customers are the ones who get on," says Clare Chapman, human resources director. In the past five months, 245 employees have been promoted from general store assistant to section manager, 149 from section manager to senior store team and 33 from senior team to store manager. These staff are coached, assessed and then trained for their new responsibilities. The talent-spotting program applies to all staff, including 15,700 in Tesco's overseas stores.
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It is implied from the passage that Mr. Lundby______.
A) has anticipated his condition would be improved
B) works hard but still has no chance to improve his condition
C) has been promoted for he has formal qualifications
D) had some of the toughest, dirtiest jobs before
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In Tesco, employees will have chance to be promoted if______.
A) they are loyal to their employer
B) they join management training program
C) they make their customers satisfied
D) they work hard
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
It is now obvious that the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is likely to have serious consequences for the daily lives of our students and staff, and for our University's current and future operations -from arrangements for lectures, seminars and examinations to the management of teams, the running of buildings or the staffing of laboratories and libraries. I am in no doubt about the disruptive effects that this public health emergency will have on all of us. I wish to reassure you that dedicated teams across the University and Colleges are working to ensure that these disruptive effects are contained and minimized. A lot of effort has gone into contingency planning over the past few weeks. Safeguarding the health and wellbeing of our people is our main concern.
答案：D
详解：本题考查名词词义辨析及语境匹配，核心需区分 “停顿” 相关名词的语义侧重。
- 选项语义解析：
- A) blank：侧重 “空白（如纸张空白、记忆空白）”，如 “a blank in memory”（记忆空白），不用于描述 “对话中的停顿”；
- B) space：侧重 “空间（物理空间或抽象间隔）”，如 “space between two chairs”（两把椅子间的空间），无 “停顿” 含义；
- C) wait：侧重 “等待的动作或时间”，为动词或抽象名词，如 “a long wait”（长时间等待），无法描述 “对话中断的瞬间”；
- D) pause：侧重 “动作、说话的短暂停顿”，如 “a pause in conversation”（对话中的停顿），完全匹配题干 “对话中断时询问是否需要饮品” 的语境。
- 考博词汇考点：本题需掌握 “pause” 与 “blank/space” 的语义边界，前者聚焦 “动态过程中的中断”，后者聚焦 “静态的空白 / 间隔”，是博士英语词汇辨析的高频考点。
答案：C
详解：本题考查动词词义辨析及固定搭配，核心需识别 “控制非法用地” 的精准动词。
- 选项语义解析：
- A) cure：意为 “治愈（疾病、问题）”，搭配对象多为 “疾病、坏习惯”，如 “cure a disease”（治病），不与 “土地使用” 搭配；
- B) curt：为形容词，意为 “简短的、简略的”，如 “a curt reply”（简短的回答），题干需动词，语法词性不符；
- C) curb：意为 “控制、抑制（不良行为、趋势）”，固定搭配 “curb sth. for illegal purposes”（控制用于非法目的的事物），完全匹配 “遏制非法用地” 的语境；
- D) curl：意为 “卷曲、蜷缩”，如 “curl one's hair”（卷发），与 “土地使用” 无语义关联。
- 考博词汇考点：“curb” 是博士英语高频动词，常与 “illegal activities, negative trends” 等搭配，需与 “restrict（限制）、restrain（约束）” 区分，“curb” 更强调 “主动遏制不良行为”，语义更主动。
答案：D
详解：本题考查推理判断题，需结合原文细节推导隐含信息。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段明确提到 “Mr. Lundby 曾是低收入、低地位的工人，从事超市理货、快餐服务、整理酒店床铺、清理办公室垃圾桶等工作（fill supermarket shelves, serve fast food, change hotel beds or empty office waste bins）”，这些工作具有 “繁重、肮脏” 的特征，可推知他 “曾从事最艰苦、最脏的工作”。
- 选项排除：
- A) “预期处境会改善”：原文 “unexpectedly”“I couldn't have imagined” 明确说明他 “未预期到晋升”，与 “anticipated” 矛盾；
- B) “无机会改善处境”：原文提到他通过培训项目晋升三次，与 “no chance” 矛盾；
- C) “因有正规学历被晋升”：原文 “Lacking formal qualifications” 明确说明他 “无正规学历”，与 “formal qualifications” 矛盾。
- 考博阅读技巧：推理题需 “基于原文细节，不添加主观假设”，本题通过 “否定排除法” 可快速排除与原文直接矛盾的选项，锁定符合细节推导的 D。
答案：C
详解：本题考查细节理解题，需精准定位原文中 “Tesco 晋升的条件”。
- 原文定位：第三段明确提到 “Tesco 人力资源总监表示‘The ones who respect customers are the ones who get on’（尊重顾客的人才能晋升）”，“尊重顾客” 本质即 “让顾客满意”。
- 选项排除：
- A) “对雇主忠诚”：原文未提及 “忠诚” 与晋升的关联，属于 “无中生有”；
- B) “参加管理培训项目”：原文提到 ISS 通过培训项目晋升员工，Tesco 的晋升条件是 “尊重顾客”，并非 “参加培训”，属于 “混淆不同公司的信息”；
- D) “工作努力”：原文未提及 “努力” 是晋升条件，属于 “主观臆断”。
- 考博阅读技巧：细节题需 “精准匹配原文关键词”，本题 “respect customers” 与选项 C “make their customers satisfied” 为同义替换，是博士英语阅读中常见的 “语义转换” 考点。
答案：
很显然，新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的爆发，很可能会对我校师生的日常生活、学校当下及未来的各项运营造成严重影响 —— 从课程、研讨会与考试的安排，到团队管理、校园建筑的运营，再到实验室与图书馆的人员配置，无一例外。我毫不怀疑，这场突发公共卫生事件将给我们所有人带来干扰。我想向大家保证，学校及各学院的专项工作小组正全力以赴，确保这些干扰影响得到控制并降至最低。过去几周，我们已投入大量精力制定应急计划。保障全体师生的健康与福祉，是我们的核心关切。
详解：
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学术语境精准转换：
- “the running of buildings” 译为 “校园建筑的运营”，补充 “校园” 明确范围，避免 “建筑运营” 的歧义；“the staffing of laboratories and libraries” 译为 “实验室与图书馆的人员配置”，“staffing”（人员配备）比 “人员安排” 更符合高校管理的学术表述；
- “contingency planning” 译为 “应急计划”，为公共卫生与高校管理领域的标准术语，比 “备用计划” 更专业。
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长句拆分与逻辑衔接：
原文破折号后列举多个受影响的领域，翻译时用 “—— 从…… 到……，再到……，无一例外” 的句式，清晰呈现并列关系；“I am in no doubt about...” 译为 “我毫不怀疑……”，保留原文肯定语气；“dedicated teams” 译为 “专项工作小组”，“dedicated”（专项的）体现团队的针对性，比 “专门团队” 更精准。
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情感与语气还原：
“I wish to reassure you” 译为 “我想向大家保证”，传递原文的安抚语气；“Safeguarding the health and wellbeing of our people is our main concern” 译为 “保障全体师生的健康与福祉，是我们的核心关切”，“核心关切” 比 “主要关注” 更能体现高校对师生的重视，符合原文的情感倾向。
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