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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为湖南科技大学 2020 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- When there was a ______ in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.
A) blank B) space C) wait D) pause
- The multinational corporation was making a take-over ______ for a property company.
A) application B) bid C) proposal D) suggestion
- A) conscientious B) unconscious C) confusing D) complex
- A) that B) though C) because D) but
Bruno Lundby, 39, was one of the ranks of typically low-paid, low-status workers who fill supermarket shelves, serve fast food, change hotel beds or empty office waste bins, often at unsocial hours and with little expectation of anything better. Lacking formal qualifications, he drifted from the army into odd cleaning jobs. Then, unexpectedly, he found the opportunity for advancement in a management training program offered by ISS, the Danish support services group. Today he sits in a spotless, air-conditioned office supervising all ISS damage control operations in the greater Copenhagen area. "I couldn't have imagined getting to where I am today when I started," he says. "I was surprised to be offered a future at ISS in 1993 when I became a supervisor." In the past three years, he has been promoted three times.
ISS, which employs 272,000 people in 36 countries in Europe, Asia and Latin America in cleaning and other contract work, still appears to be an exception in the services sector in offering career progression to workers.
The pursuit of customer satisfaction is a strong feature of companies that treat blue-collar staff as more than a commodity. Tesco, the supermarket group that is the UK's largest private sector employer with 210,000 employees, recently formalized a practice of nurturing management potential among shelf-stackers and check-out staff. "The ones who respect customers are the ones who get on," says Clare Chapman, human resources director. In the past five months, 245 employees have been promoted from general store assistant to section manager, 149 from section manager to senior store team and 33 from senior team to store manager. These staff are coached, assessed and then trained for their new responsibilities. The talent-spotting program applies to all staff, including 15,700 in Tesco 's overseas stores.
-
It is implied from the passage that Mr. Lundby ______
A) has anticipated his condition would be improved
B) works hard but still has no chance to improve his condition
C) has been promoted for he has formal qualifications
D) had some of the toughest, dirtiest jobs before
-
According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A) Blue-collar workers in the service sector have little chance to be promoted.
B) Workers in the service sector have more chance to be promoted than in other sectors.
C) Companies in the service sector always treat blue-collar staff as a commodity.
D) Companies in the service sector always pursue customer satisfaction.
It is now obvious that the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is likely to have serious consequences for the daily lives of our students and staff, and for our University's current and future operations - from arrangements for lectures, seminars and examinations to the management of teams, the running of buildings or the staffing of laboratories and libraries.
在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。
Directions: Some people with brilliant education experiences may fail in their career, while some others with poor academic records may succeed remarkably in their life. Does this puzzle you? Write an essay on the real value of college education and how it can help one go further in his career. In the first part of your essay, you should state clearly your main argument and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对 “对话间隙” 场景下词汇的精准运用。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] blank：意为 “空白、空格”，侧重文字或思维上的空缺（如 a blank in memory）；
- [B] space：意为 “空间、间隔”，侧重物理空间或抽象的距离；
- [C] wait：意为 “等待”，为动词或名词，侧重 “等待的动作或时间”（如 a long wait）；
- [D] pause：意为 “停顿、间歇”，特指说话、活动过程中的短暂中止，符合语境 “对话出现停顿的时候”，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦名词词义辨析与固定搭配，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “收购报价” 相关表达的掌握。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] application：意为 “申请”，搭配 “application for”（申请某物），与 “收购” 语义无关；
- [B] bid：意为 “报价、竞标”，固定搭配 “make a take-over bid for” 表示 “对…… 提出收购报价”，符合语境 “跨国公司对一家房地产公司提出收购报价”；
- [C] proposal：意为 “提议、建议”，侧重 “提出的计划或方案”；
- [D] suggestion：意为 “建议”，侧重 “非正式的提议”，均无 “收购报价” 含义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析，是完形填空的基础考点，考查对上下文语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
结合后文 “a less undesirable phase of interruption takes place when conversationalist is so anxious to prove his quickness of perception” 可知，此处描述的是对话者 “无意识” 的打断行为。
选项分析：
- [A] conscientious：意为 “认真负责的”，与 “打断” 的负面场景不符；
- [B] unconscious：意为 “无意识的、不自觉的”，符合 “未察觉的打断” 语境；
- [C] confusing：意为 “令人困惑的”，修饰 “interruption” 语义不通；
- [D] complex：意为 “复杂的”，未体现上下文 “无意识急于表现” 的核心语义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦固定句型，是语法部分的核心考点，考查对 “so...that...” 结构的掌握。
- 答案详解：
原文 “so anxious to prove his quickness of perception ______ he assumes to know what you are going to say” 符合 “so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句” 结构，表示 “如此…… 以至于……”。
- [B] though（尽管）、[C] because（因为）、[D] but（但是）均无法与 “so” 构成固定搭配，逻辑语义也不成立，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节推理，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对人物过往经历的精准推断。
- 答案详解：
原文首句提到 Bruno Lundby“fill supermarket shelves, serve fast food, change hotel beds or empty office waste bins”，这些均属于 “辛苦、肮脏的工作”，且 “lacking formal qualifications”“drifted from the army into odd cleaning jobs” 进一步印证其过往工作状态。
- [A]“预料到状况会改善” 与原文 “I couldn't have imagined getting to where I am today” 矛盾；[B]“无机会改善” 与后文 “被提拔三次” 不符；[C]“因有正式资格被提拔” 与 “lacking formal qualifications” 矛盾，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对服务行业蓝领晋升机会的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “ISS... still appears to be an exception in the services sector in offering career progression to workers”，即 ISS 是服务行业中为蓝领提供职业晋升的 “例外”，反推可知服务行业的蓝领通常很少有晋升机会。
- [B]“服务行业比其他行业晋升机会多” 未提及；[C]“服务行业公司总把蓝领当商品” 与 “the pursuit of customer satisfaction is a strong feature of companies that treat blue-collar staff as more than a commodity” 矛盾；[D]“服务行业公司总追求客户满意度” 中 “always” 过于绝对，原文仅强调 “有这类公司”，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查主语从句、并列结构及破折号后解释说明部分的处理，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 主语从句：“It is now obvious that...” 译为 “很显然……”，符合中文表达习惯；
- 核心短语：“have serious consequences for” 译为 “对…… 造成严重影响”，“current and future operations” 译为 “当下和未来的运作”；
- 解释说明部分：破折号后内容分述具体影响领域，译为 “从…… 到…… 再到……”，逻辑清晰；
- 术语准确：“lectures, seminars and examinations” 译为 “课程、讲座及考试”，“staffing of laboratories and libraries” 译为 “实验室和图书馆的人员安排”。
参考译文：很显然，本次新冠肺炎疫情的爆发很可能会对我校师生的日常生活，以及学校当下和未来的正常运作造成严重影响 —— 从课程、讲座及考试的安排，到团队的管理、校园建筑的运营，再到实验室和图书馆的人员配置等。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦主谓宾结构与文化术语翻译，核心考查 “自治家族制度”“基本单位” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 文化术语：“同一祖先的几代后裔” 译为 “descendants of several generations from the same ancestor”，“自治家族制度” 译为 “autonomous family system”；
- 句子结构：拆分长句为两个简单句，“居住在一起” 译为 “lived together”，“形成一个大家庭” 译为 “formed a big family”；
- 主谓一致：“这种自治家族制度” 译为 “This kind of autonomous family system”，谓语用单数 “was”，与 “基本单位”（basic unit）搭配准确。
参考译文：In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦议论文写作，核心考查对 “大学教育真正价值” 的阐述、逻辑架构及论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
The Real Value of College Education: Beyond Academic Records
It is not uncommon that some people with outstanding academic backgrounds stumble in their careers, while those with average grades achieve remarkable success. This phenomenon does not negate the value of college education, but rather reveals that its true worth lies beyond mere academic performance—it equips individuals with essential abilities and a holistic perspective to thrive in long-term careers.
Firstly, college education fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Through seminars, group projects and academic research, students learn to analyze complex issues, evaluate different viewpoints and propose feasible solutions—abilities far more crucial than test scores in real work scenarios. Secondly, it provides a platform for personal growth and social networking. Interacting with peers from diverse backgrounds helps students develop communication, teamwork and adaptability, while connections with professors and alumni can offer valuable career opportunities. Finally, college cultivates a lifelong learning mindset. In an era of rapid technological change, the ability to continuously acquire new knowledge, nurtured in college, enables individuals to keep pace with industry developments and seize emerging chances.
In conclusion, college education is not just about obtaining high grades, but about shaping comprehensive capabilities and a positive attitude towards life and work. It lays a solid foundation for career advancement by enhancing one’s core competitiveness. Those who leverage these gains wisely will surely go further in their professional journeys, regardless of their initial academic records.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出论点 — 分点论证 — 总结升华” 的三段式结构，论点明确，逻辑连贯；
- 内容：从批判性思维、个人成长与社交、终身学习心态三个维度展开，论据贴合 “大学教育真正价值” 核心，符合写作要求；
- 语言：使用 “stumble, negate, holistic perspective, feasible solutions, leverage” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为湖南科技大学 2020 年考博英语（1121）真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的夯实、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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