Directions: In this section there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and make your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
-
John had participated well in class discussion and read widely, all ______.
A. by his own B. on his own C. with his own D. of his own
-
Such ______ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.
A. was B. is C. were D. being
Directions: In this section there are three passages. Each one is followed by five questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it's amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better, But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don't the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long ago: sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bear-baiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sport because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen rounds. They feel disappointed because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
-
It can be inferred from the passage that the author's opinion of nowadays' human beings is ______.
A. not very high B. high C. contemptuous D. critical
-
The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law
B. people are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports
D. people are blood-thirsty in sports
- Translate the following into Chinese (15 points)
The pinprick to the credit bubble came with the housing-sector meltdown in late 2006. From that point, confidence in the U.S financial system eroded, especially as the sub-prime toxin seeped into the banks and brokerages as well as those parts of the insurance sector linked to mortgages, With confidence in the financial sector deflated, attention turned to the country's massive structural problems -- a long-term imbalance between government expenditures and revenues, related to ongoing pressure for tax cuts, the rapidly aging national transport and communications infrastructure, and Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security, the combined cost of which is expected to grow 22 percent faster than the economy over the next decade.
答案：B
详解：本题考查固定短语辨析，核心需区分 “独立完成” 相关短语的语义与用法。
- 短语解析：
- A. by his own：无此固定搭配，“by oneself” 为正确表达，意为 “独自地”，故 A 错误；
- B. on his own：固定短语，意为 “独立地、主动地”，强调 “自主完成，无需他人帮助”，匹配题干 “约翰主动参与课堂讨论、广泛阅读” 的语境；
- C. with his own：后需接名词，如 “with his own efforts”（靠他自己的努力），题干后无宾语，语法不完整；
- D. of his own：意为 “属于他自己的”，后接名词，如 “a book of his own”（他自己的书），与题干 “参与讨论、阅读” 的动作语义不符。
- 考博考点延伸：“on one's own” 与 “by oneself” 的区别是博士英语高频考点，前者侧重 “主动独立”，后者侧重 “独自完成动作”，本题通过语境 “主动参与、广泛阅读” 锁定 “on his own”。
答案：D
详解：本题考查独立主格结构，核心需识别 “such” 引导的特殊独立主格形式。
- 语法规则：“such being the case” 为固定独立主格结构，意为 “情况既然如此”，其中 “such” 为逻辑主语，“being” 为现在分词，构成 “名词 + 现在分词” 的独立主格，在句中作状语。
- 选项排除：
- A. was、C. were：若用谓语动词，需构成完整句子，题干中逗号前后无连接词，不能直接接谓语动词，语法错误；
- B. is：时态不符，题干主句 “were” 为过去时，且独立主格结构不用谓语动词形式，故排除。
- 考博考点延伸：独立主格结构是博士英语语法难点，常考查 “名词 + 分词 / 介词短语” 形式，需注意与完整句子的区别，避免缺少连接词直接接谓语动词的错误。
答案：A
详解：本题考查作者观点态度推断，需结合全文情感倾向分析。
- 原文定位与分析：
文章开篇质疑 “人类是否比古罗马人更少嗜血”，指出拳击、斗牛等暴力运动仍受追捧，人们用 “复杂理由辩护暴力运动”，本质仍是嗜血；第三段提到 “人类虽不再容忍某些野蛮行为，但仍允许暴力运动，未真正进步”。由此可推知，作者对现代人的评价 “不高”，但未到 “轻蔑（contemptuous）” 或 “严厉批判（critical）” 的程度，而是客观指出不足。
- 选项排除：
- B. high（高的）：与原文 “人类仍嗜血、未真正进步” 的表述矛盾；
- C. contemptuous（轻蔑的）：语气过重，作者仅客观指出问题，未表达轻蔑；
- D. critical（批判的）：作者未明确 “批判”，而是通过对比和质疑引发思考，态度更偏向 “客观评价偏低”，而非 “批判”。
答案：A
详解：本题考查主旨大意题，需把握全文核心论点与论证逻辑。
- 原文结构分析：
文章开篇对比古罗马人与现代人对暴力的态度，指出现代人仍嗜血；中间段批判暴力运动的虚伪性（“体育精神是借口，暴力才是核心”）；结尾段明确提出 “暴力运动是不文明的，应通过法律禁止，以推动人类进步”，这是全文核心论点。
- 选项排除：
- B. 人们愿为看暴力付费：仅为中间段细节，非主旨；
- C. 对比两种对危险运动的态度：开篇对比是引入话题的手段，并非核心；
- D. 人们在运动中嗜血：是现象描述，作者最终目的是呼吁禁止暴力运动，而非仅描述现象。
答案：
2006 年末，房地产行业崩溃，成为刺破信贷泡沫的导火索。自此，人们对美国金融体系的信心逐渐瓦解，尤其是当次级贷危机的负面影响渗透到银行、经纪公司以及与抵押贷款相关的保险领域之后。随着对金融行业的信心受挫，人们的注意力转向了美国庞大的结构性问题 —— 政府支出与收入长期失衡，这与持续的减税压力、迅速老化的国家交通和通讯基础设施，以及医疗保险、医疗补助和社会保障体系密切相关。未来十年，这些项目的总支出预计将比经济增速快 22%。
详解：
-
术语精准翻译，贴合金融语境：
- “credit bubble” 译为 “信贷泡沫”，“housing-sector meltdown” 译为 “房地产行业崩溃”，“sub-prime toxin” 译为 “次级贷危机的负面影响”（避免直译 “次级毒素” 的生硬），“brokerages” 译为 “经纪公司”，均为金融领域标准译法；
- “Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security” 译为 “医疗保险、医疗补助和社会保障体系”，准确对应美国三大福利制度名称。
-
拆分长句，优化中文表达：
原文长句包含多个定语和状语从句，翻译时拆分为三个逻辑连贯的短句：先讲 “信贷泡沫破裂的导火索”，再讲 “对金融体系的影响”，最后讲 “结构性问题的具体内容”，避免中文句子冗长；“the combined cost of which” 译为 “这些项目的总支出”，用 “这些项目” 替代定语从句，语义更清晰。
-
逻辑衔接自然，还原原文语义：
“From that point” 译为 “自此”，“especially as” 译为 “尤其是当…… 之后”，“With confidence... deflated” 译为 “随着对…… 信心受挫”，通过衔接词体现时间和因果逻辑；“grow 22 percent faster than the economy” 译为 “比经济增速快 22%”，补充 “增速” 二字，使经济术语表达更完整。
您现在的位置： 