Directions: Each of the following sentences is incomplete and is followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
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For___interested in nature, the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.
A. who B. whom C. those D. them
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Although most dreams apparently happen___, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.
A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously
Directions: In this part there are six passages. Each one is followed by five questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.
As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms.
These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.
A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art? Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.
The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh color, playful images and restful courtyards.
The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.
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According to the passage, "to soften the hard edges of modern buildings" means___.
A. to pull down hospital buildings
B. to decorate hospitals with art collections
C. to improve the quality of treatment in hospitals
D. to make the corners of hospital buildings round
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What can we say of Peter Senior?
A. He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.
B. He is a doctor interested in painting.
C. He is an artist who has a large collection of paintings.
D. He is a faithful follower of hospital art.
In some societies there seems to be little protection of privacy, separate, protected zone of intimacy into which no one intrudes. I remember vividly the shock of living in a village in Nepal where the door was open and people dropped in constantly and commented on everything I was doing. They followed us on our trips out of the village when we were trying to create a little personal space, and even going to the toilet out in the fields in private was a difficult exercise.
答案：C
详解：本题考查代词用法及句子结构，核心需识别空格后定语从句的逻辑主语。
- 选项分析：
- A. who：若用 who，需补充先行词，如 “those who”，单独使用 “for who interested” 语法错误，缺少先行词；
- B. whom：为 who 的宾格形式，同样需搭配先行词，如 “those whom”，单独使用无法引导定语从句修饰 “感兴趣的人”；
- C. those：指代 “对自然感兴趣的人”，作介词 for 的宾语，后接过去分词短语 “interested in nature” 作后置定语，语法结构完整，语义通顺；
- D. them：为人称代词宾格，后接 “interested in nature” 时需加 be 动词，即 “for them who are interested”，否则语法不成立。
- 考博考点延伸：博士英语中常考查 “代词 + 后置定语” 结构，需区分 “those + 过去分词” 与 “who 引导定语从句” 的用法差异，避免缺少先行词或语法结构不完整的错误。
答案：A
详解：本题考查副词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “梦境发生” 与 “外部影响引发” 的语义对比。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. spontaneously：意为 “自发地、自然地”，符合 “大多数梦境看似自然发生，实则可能受外部影响” 的语境；
- B. simultaneously：意为 “同时地”，强调 “时间同步”，与 “梦境发生” 的语义无关；
- C. homogeneously：意为 “同质地、均匀地”，侧重 “性质一致”，不用于描述 “梦境发生的方式”；
- D. instantaneously：意为 “瞬间地、即刻地”，强调 “速度快”，而原文侧重 “是否受外部影响”，非 “发生速度”，语义不符。
- 考博考点延伸：副词辨析是博士英语词汇题的高频考点，需结合上下文逻辑（如转折、对比）判断语义侧重，本题通过 “apparently...may be provoked” 的转折关系，锁定 “自发发生” 的语义。
答案：B
详解：本题考查短语语义猜测，需结合上下文语境推导含义。
- 原文定位与分析：
第二段明确提到 “英国发起全国性举措，将艺术带出画廊引入公共场所，邀请艺术家改造老旧医院，soften the hard edges of modern buildings”，后文紧接着说明 “近 100 家医院在走廊、候诊区摆放当代艺术作品”。由此可推知，“soften the hard edges” 并非指 “拆除建筑、改善治疗质量或打磨墙角”，而是通过艺术装饰柔化现代建筑的生硬感。
- 选项排除：
- A. 拆除医院建筑：与 “改造老旧医院、引入艺术作品” 的表述矛盾；
- C. 改善治疗质量：原文强调 “环境质量对康复的影响”，而非 “治疗质量”，语义混淆；
- D. 打磨建筑墙角：为字面意思，未结合 “艺术装饰” 的上下文语境，理解片面。
答案：A
详解：本题考查人物身份推断，需结合原文细节总结人物贡献。
- 原文定位与分析：
第三段提到 “Peter Senior 在 20 世纪 70 年代初在曼彻斯特医院设立工作室，认为艺术应面向更广泛受众”，第四段指出 “他举办了英国首个医院艺术展，被认为是英国第一位医院艺术家，随后有六位艺术毕业生加入他的团队”。由此可推知，他是 “将艺术引入医院的先驱”。
- 选项排除：
- B. 对绘画感兴趣的医生：原文未提及他的医生身份，仅提到他是艺术家，语义错误；
- C. 拥有大量画作的艺术家：原文强调他 “举办展览、推动医院艺术发展”，未提及 “收藏大量画作”，属于无中生有；
- D. 医院艺术的忠实追随者：他是医院艺术的发起者，而非 “追随者”，语义相反。
答案：
在一些社会中，隐私似乎几乎得不到保护 —— 不存在一个独立的、受保护的私密空间，不容任何人侵犯。我清晰地记得在尼泊尔一个村庄生活时的震惊：那里的房门始终敞开，人们随意串门，对我所做的一切都评头论足。当我们试图走出村庄创造一点私人空间时，他们会一路跟随；甚至在田间私下上厕所，都成了一件困难的事。
详解：
- 语义完整还原，补充隐含逻辑：
- “separate, protected zone of intimacy into which no one intrudes” 译为 “一个独立的、受保护的私密空间，不容任何人侵犯”，补充破折号衔接前文 “隐私不受保护”，明确语义逻辑；“intimacy” 译为 “私密空间”，而非字面 “亲密”，符合语境；
- “dropped in constantly” 译为 “随意串门”，比 “频繁拜访” 更贴合村庄生活场景；“commented on everything I was doing” 译为 “对我所做的一切都评头论足”，还原原文的负面语境。
- 拆分长句，优化中文表达：
原文最后一句较长，翻译时拆分为两个短句（“当我们试图…… 他们会一路跟随；甚至…… 都成了一件困难的事”），避免中文句子冗长；“create a little personal space” 译为 “创造一点私人空间”，“private” 译为 “私下”，精准匹配语境。
- 保留情感色彩，还原原文感受：
“the shock of living in a village” 译为 “在一个村庄生活时的震惊”，保留原文的情感倾向；“a difficult exercise” 译为 “一件困难的事”，避免直译 “困难的练习” 的生硬，符合中文表达习惯。
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