Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
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Composed of song, dance, and personal invention, the old comedy plays also include political criticism and comment on literary and historical topics.
A. convenient B. witty C. frank D. profound
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A major role of computer science has been to ______ computer systems cheaper, faster, more reliable, and easier to use.
A. exclude B. lessen C. alleviate D. render
Directions: Read each passage and answer all the questions that follow the passage.
IBM has just announced the invention of the PAN ---Personal Area Network---a set of devices that use humans as conductors, to relay detailed digital information from one person to another, simply by touch. It is a relatively small conceptual step from the PAN processor that relays a written message though one's body by a shake of the hand to a microcell sensory transmission system that relays ideas and sensations directly to and from the most powerful processor in the world, the human brain.
Within a few decades, PAN-type research will transform the Internet into the Life Net, a comprehensive sensory environment for human habitation. Mind will be added to welfare: direct sensory interfacing with other people and various databases. A dramatically enhanced version of what we now call virtual reality will become as common as air conditioning. Telephones, TVs, PCs, and other media will be replaced by wireless sensory feeds from and to communal microcells.
People return to the Internet each day not from addiction, but because they can craft a new identity for themselves there and to pursue passions that are otherwise beyond their reach. Consider the impact of technology affording a virtual reality in which you can go wherever you want to go and be whoever you want to be.
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Which of the following statements about the PAN is true?
A. It is the same as the Internet today.
B. It is the foundation of the PAN processor.
C. It is invented only for scientific research.
D. It develops from the PAN processor.
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The word "conception" in Para. 5 probably means ______.
A. idea B. imagination C. notion D. principle
Directions: Put the following passage into English.
凡事物皆应适度。适度是最安全的。以学生生活为例，有些学生学习太努力、而玩得太少；还有些学生玩得太多，学习得太少。前者由于缺少体育锻炼而养坏了身体。后者则由于玩得太多而损害了智力。
在饮食方面，也必须要适度。不要吃得太多或太少。吃得太多你会生病；而吃得太少你会虚弱。
能取得进步的人是那些思想既不太保守也不太激进的人。处于前一种情况，他裹足不前。而处于后一种情况，他就东闯西撞 —— 没有一个明确的目标。心胸宽广的人总是在合理的范围内活动。在生活中无论什么样的活动，适度是通向享受真正幸福的最好途径之一。
答案：B
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “喜剧作品” 的语境特征。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. convenient（方便的）：侧重 “实用性”，与 “喜剧作品的政治批评、文学评论” 无关；
- B. witty（诙谐的）：强调 “幽默机智”，符合喜剧作品通过诙谐形式传递批评与评论的特点，语义精准；
- C. frank（坦率的）：侧重 “直接坦诚”，未体现喜剧的 “趣味性”，语境不符；
- D. profound（深刻的）：虽可形容评论，但未贴合 “喜剧” 的文体特征，语义片面。
- 考博考点延伸：博士英语词汇辨析常结合文体特征考查，需注意形容词与修饰对象的 “语义适配性”，如 “喜剧” 常搭配 “witty, humorous” 等词，“学术评论” 常搭配 “profound, insightful” 等词。
答案：D
详解：本题考查动词词义辨析及固定搭配，核心需识别 “使某物具备某种属性” 的精准表达。
- 选项语义与语法解析：
- A. exclude（排除）：意为 “将某物排除在外”，搭配 “exclude sth. from...”，与 “使系统更廉价、快速” 的语义无关；
- B. lessen（减少）：侧重 “数量或程度的降低”，如 “lessen the cost”（降低成本），但无法接 “宾语 + 形容词” 的结构，语法不符；
- C. alleviate（缓解）：意为 “减轻痛苦、压力等”，如 “alleviate stress”（缓解压力），不用于描述 “使系统具备某种属性”；
- D. render（使成为）：固定搭配 “render sth. + 形容词”，表示 “使某物具备某种特征”，完全匹配 “使计算机系统更廉价、快速、可靠、易用” 的语境，语法与语义均成立。
- 考博考点延伸：“render + 宾语 + 形容词” 是博士英语写作中的高频结构，需与 “make + 宾语 + 形容词” 区分，“render” 更具学术正式性，适用于科技、学术类文本。
答案：B
详解：本题考查细节理解题，需精准定位原文对 PAN 的定义与描述。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段明确提到 “it is a relatively small conceptual step from the PAN processor that relays a written message... to a microcell sensory transmission system”，即 PAN 是在 PAN 处理器的基础上迈出的概念性一步，说明 PAN 处理器是 PAN 的基础。
- 选项排除：
- A. 与互联网相同：原文提到 “PAN 将把互联网转变为生命网”，说明两者不同，语义矛盾；
- C. 仅用于科学研究：原文未提及 PAN 的用途限制，“only” 表述绝对，无依据；
- D. 由 PAN 处理器发展而来：原文指出 “PAN 是从 PAN 处理器迈出的概念性一步”，即 PAN 处理器是基础，PAN 是衍生产物，D 项因果倒置，错误。
答案：B
详解：本题考查词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推导词义。
- 原文定位与分析：
第五段提到 “Our minds will work and play in ways now beyond our conception”，结合前文对 “生命网” 的描述（虚拟 reality、思维交互等），可知此处指 “我们现在无法想象的方式”，“conception” 在此处意为 “想象”。
- 选项辨析：
- A. idea（想法）：侧重 “具体的观点或主意”，语义范围较窄；
- B. imagination（想象）：侧重 “对未发生或未经历事物的构想”，与语境 “超出当前认知的方式” 完全匹配；
- C. notion（概念）：侧重 “抽象的概念或认知”，未体现 “无法实现的想象”；
- D. principle（原则）：语义与 “思维运作方式” 无关，完全偏离语境。
答案：
Everything should be in moderation, which is the safest way. Take students' life as an example: some students study too hard but play too little, while others play too much but study too little. The former ruin their health due to lack of physical exercise, and the latter impair their intelligence because of excessive play.
In terms of diet, moderation is also essential. Do not eat too much or too little. Eating too much will make you ill, while eating too little will leave you weak.
Those who can make progress are those whose ideas are neither too conservative nor too radical. In the former case, they stand still; in the latter case, they rush around aimlessly without a clear goal. Open-minded people always act within a reasonable range. In all kinds of activities in life, moderation is one of the best paths to true happiness.
详解：
- 语义精准传递，贴合学术翻译规范：
- “凡事物皆应适度” 译为 “Everything should be in moderation”，“moderation” 为学术常用词，比 “appropriateness” 更贴合 “适度” 的抽象含义；
- “裹足不前” 译为 “stand still”，“东闯西撞” 译为 “rush around aimlessly”，精准还原原文的比喻义，避免直译生硬；
- “心胸宽广的人” 译为 “Open-minded people”，比 “people with broad minds” 更简洁，符合英语表达习惯。
- 句式结构优化，逻辑清晰连贯：
原文多为短句，翻译时合理整合（如 “有些学生…… 还有些学生……” 译为 “some students... while others...”），使用定语从句（“which is the safest way”）、状语从句（“because of excessive play”）增强句式多样性；
用 “In terms of”“In the former case”“In the latter case” 等逻辑连接词，使行文更具条理性，符合博士英语翻译的 “逻辑严谨” 要求。
- 文化内涵还原，避免语义偏差：
“适度是通向享受真正幸福的最好途径之一” 译为 “moderation is one of the best paths to true happiness”，“path” 比 “way” 更具 “过程性”，贴合 “通过适度实现幸福” 的内涵，未丢失原文的哲学意味。
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