Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (2 * 20=40)
"Oops" is a response to a minor bodily mishap. We all make mistakes in speech and pronunciation in the courses of conversations, lectures, speeches, and other situations of talk. In his investigations into the "psychopathology of everyday life," Freud analyzed numerous examples of such lapses of the tongue. According to Freud, no mistakes in speaking, including mispronounced or misplaced words, momentary stammering or stuttering, are in fact accidental. All are symptoms of inner conflicts, associated with the ways in which our unconsciousness influences what we consciously say and do. Slips of the tongue are unconsciously motivated - by motives or feelings that we feel on an unconscious level, but which are repressed from our conscious minds - or which we try consciously but unsuccessfully to suppress. These often, but by no means always, involve sexual associations. Thus a speaker may try to say "organism," but instead pronounces "orgasm." Or, in an example Freud gave, someone was asked,"What regiment is your son with?"She answered,"With the 42nd Murders"(Morder in German, rather than the word she intended to say, Morser,"Mortar").
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According to Freud, all kinds of mistakes in speaking are ______.
A) in fact accidental.
B) symptoms of inner conflict.
C) symptoms of inner conflict combined with our unconscious behavior.
D) repressed from our conscious minds.
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Which choice has the closest meaning to "bloopers"?
A) not showing effort or strain
B) a vaguely specified social event
C) an opportunity to do something
D) an embarrassing mistake.
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and_21_than male managers?Some research_22_the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater_23_an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a_24_ to bring emotional factors to bear_25_making workplace decisions. These differences are_26_to carry advantages for companies,27they expand the range of techniques that can be used to_28_the company manage its workforce_29.
- A) committed B) confronted C) confined D) commanded
- A) sensitivity B) willingness C) virtue D) loyalty
- It is far too early to know to what degree Obama's presidency will result in a rollback of the conservative era or the beginning of a new progressive era. But his aspirations are among the largest of any president since Lyndon B. Johnson, and he seems undaunted by that fact. "There are some who question the scale of our ambitions, who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans," he said. "Their memories are short, for they have forgotten what this country has already done, what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose and necessity to courage."
答案：C
详解：本题考查弗洛伊德关于言语错误的核心观点，需精准定位原文逻辑关系。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段明确提到 “所有言语错误都不是偶然的，都是内心冲突的症状，与潜意识影响有意识言行的方式相关”，即言语错误是 “内心冲突” 与 “潜意识行为” 共同作用的结果。
- 选项排除：
- A. 实际是偶然的：与原文 “no mistakes in speaking... are in fact accidental” 直接矛盾；
- B. 内心冲突的症状：仅提及部分原因，未包含 “潜意识影响” 这一核心要素，表述片面；
- D. 被意识压抑：原文指出 “潜意识动机被意识压抑”，而非 “言语错误被压抑”，语义混淆。
- 考博考点延伸：博士阶段需掌握弗洛伊德精神分析理论的核心逻辑，明确 “潜意识 - 意识 - 行为” 的关联，此类题目常考查理论细节的精准理解，避免片面解读。
答案：D
详解：本题考查词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推导 “bloopers” 的含义。
- 原文定位与分析：
第三段提到 “播音员的言语本应比日常对话更完美，因此当他们出现‘bloopers’时，比日常对话中的错误更明显”，结合前文 “言语错误（slips of the tongue）” 的语境，可推知 “bloopers” 指 “令人尴尬的错误”。
- 选项排除：
- A. 不费力的：与 “错误” 的语义无关；
- B. 模糊的社交事件：未涉及 “错误” 的核心含义；
- C. 做事的机会：与语境 “播音员出错” 完全不符。
答案：A
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “女性管理者动机” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. committed（尽心尽力的）：强调 “对工作的投入与责任感”，与 “highly motivated（积极性高）” 并列，符合 “女性管理者更投入” 的语境；
- B. confronted（面临的）：为被动含义，如 “be confronted with difficulties”，无法修饰 “管理者”；
- C. confined（受限的）：语义消极，与 “积极性高” 的语境矛盾；
- D. commanded（被命令的）：被动含义，不符合 “主动投入工作” 的语义。
答案：B
详解：本题考查名词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “女性管理者决策特点” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. sensitivity（敏感性）：侧重 “对事物的感知力”，如 “sensitivity to emotions”，不用于 “主动做某事的倾向”；
- B. willingness（意愿）：固定搭配 “willingness to do sth.”，表示 “愿意做某事”，符合 “女性愿意将情感因素融入工作决策” 的语境；
- C. virtue（美德）：侧重 “道德层面的优良品质”，与 “决策中融入情感” 无关；
- D. loyalty（忠诚）：强调 “对人或组织的忠诚”，不涉及 “决策方式” 的语义。
答案：
现在判断奥巴马的总统任期会在多大程度上导致保守时代的倒退，或是开启一个新的进步时代，还为时尚早。但他的抱负是自林登・B・约翰逊以来所有总统中最宏大的，而他似乎并未被这一事实吓倒。“有些人质疑我们抱负的规模，认为我们的制度无法承受太多宏伟计划，” 他说，“他们记性不好，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了当想象力与共同目标相结合、必要性与勇气相伴时，自由的男男女女所能达成的一切。”
详解：
- 政治术语精准翻译，贴合语境：
- “rollback of the conservative era” 译为 “保守时代的倒退”，“progressive era” 译为 “进步时代”，符合美国政治语境的固定表述；
- “Lyndon B. Johnson” 译为 “林登・B・约翰逊”，为美国前总统标准译名，保证专有名词准确性。
- 长句拆分与逻辑衔接：
原文首句为复杂复合句，翻译时拆分为 “现在判断…… 还为时尚早” 和 “但他的抱负……” 两个短句，用 “但” 体现转折关系；引用部分 “their memories are short” 译为 “他们记性不好”，口语化表达还原演讲语气，后续用 “因为” 衔接原因状语从句，逻辑清晰。
- 情感与语气还原：
“undaunted” 译为 “未被吓倒”，准确传递奥巴马的坚定态度；“imagination is joined to common purpose and necessity to courage” 译为 “想象力与共同目标相结合、必要性与勇气相伴”，通过对仗结构还原原文的排比气势，增强表达感染力。
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