Directions: Each of the following sentences is incomplete and is followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
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Mark is very set in his way, but John has a more _______ attitude towards life.
A. changeable B. shifted C. flexible D. fluid
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According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically _______ to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.
A. practical B. flexible C. feasible D. beneficial
Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Change - or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment-is essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.
In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide (without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.
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The author maintains that if we want to get along with the world, _______.
A. industry must be developed at the expense of farmland
B. farmers must try to get some job training
C. trade and defense are essential
D. change is indispensable
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This passage mainly discusses the relationship between _______.
A. industry and agriculture
B. evil tradition and good tradition
C. man and the changing world
D. tradition and change
Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.
"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct- the meaning of the word has never been clear. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.
答案：C
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需通过转折关系匹配 “态度灵活” 的语义。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. changeable（易变的）：侧重 “被动发生变化”，含不稳定之意，如 “changeable weather”（多变的天气），不用于描述 “态度主动灵活”；
- B. shifted（已改变的）：为过去分词，强调 “已发生的状态变化”，无法修饰 “attitude”（态度），语法与语义均不符；
- C. flexible（灵活的）：强调 “主动适应变化、不固执”，与前文 “Mark 固执己见” 形成转折，符合 “John 对生活态度更灵活” 的语境；
- D. fluid（流动的；易变的）：侧重 “状态不稳定、易波动”，如 “fluid situation”（多变的局势），不用于描述人的态度。
- 考博考点延伸：博士英语常通过转折连词（but、however 等）考查词义辨析，需注意形容词的 “主动 / 被动语义倾向”，如 “flexible” 强调主动灵活，“changeable” 强调被动易变。
答案：C
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “技术上可行” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. practical（实用的）：侧重 “实际应用价值”，如 “practical skills”（实用技能），未体现 “技术层面可实现”；
- B. flexible（灵活的）：强调 “适应性强”，与 “建造太空殖民地” 的 “技术可行性” 无关；
- C. feasible（可行的）：侧重 “技术、计划等在理论和实践上可实现”，完全匹配 “从技术角度建造太阳能驱动的太空殖民地是可行的” 语境；
- D. beneficial（有益的）：强调 “有好处”，如 “beneficial effects”（有益影响），未涉及 “能否实现” 的核心语义。
- 考博考点延伸：“feasible” 与 “practical” 是博士英语高频易混词，“feasible” 侧重 “可行性”，“practical” 侧重 “实用性”，需结合语境核心需求判断。
答案：D
详解：本题考查主旨细节题，需定位原文核心观点 “变化的必要性”。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段开篇即点明 “适应变化的能力对进化至关重要”，随后通过农民、国家的例子论证 “无法适应变化将面临灾难”，核心观点为 “变化是不可或缺的”。
- 选项排除：
- A. 工业发展需牺牲农田：原文仅以农民土地被占用为例，未主张 “牺牲农田发展工业”，过度解读；
- B. 农民需接受职业培训：原文提及农民可通过培训换职业，仅为 “适应变化的一种方式”，非核心观点；
- C. 贸易和国防至关重要：原文强调 “国家需调整贸易和国防以适应世界形势”，而非 “贸易和国防本身至关重要”，语义偏离。
答案：D
详解：本题考查主旨大意题，需概括全文核心逻辑 “传统与变化的关系”。
- 原文结构分析：
第一段强调 “变化的必要性”，第二段围绕 “传统对变化的双重作用” 展开 —— 传统可作为指导，但若过度崇拜则会阻碍变化，最终提出 “接受传统帮助但重视其局限性” 的观点，全文核心围绕 “传统与变化的关系”。
- 选项排除：
- A. 工业与农业：仅在第一段农民例子中提及，非全文主题；
- B. 坏传统与好传统：原文强调 “传统的双重作用”，而非 “区分好坏传统”，语义偏差；
- C. 人与变化的世界：未涵盖 “传统” 这一核心要素，概括不全面。
答案：
“智力” 充其量只是一个假设性的概念 —— 这个词的含义从未明确过。人们对该术语所指代的各类行为达成的共识，远多于对如何解读或分类这些行为的共识。但人们普遍认为，高智力者能迅速理解概念、区分差异、逻辑推理，并运用语言和数学符号解决问题。
详解：
- 术语精准翻译，贴合学术语境：
- “assumptive construct” 译为 “假设性的概念”，而非直译 “假设的构造”，符合心理学、教育学中对 “智力” 的学术定义；
- “verbal and mathematical symbols” 译为 “语言和数学符号”，准确还原 “符号” 的学术内涵，避免歧义。
- 长句拆分与逻辑衔接：
原文第一句为复合句，翻译时拆分为 “智力是假设性概念” 和 “含义从未明确” 两句，用破折号衔接，符合中文表达习惯；第二句通过 “对…… 的共识远多于对…… 的共识” 的结构，精准还原 “more agreement on...than on...” 的比较逻辑。
- 语义完整还原：
“grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically” 译为 “迅速理解概念、区分差异、逻辑推理”，三个并列短语保持结构一致，准确传递高智力者的核心能力；“it is generally agreed that” 译为 “人们普遍认为”，体现学术表述的客观性。
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