Directions: In this part there are 25 incomplete statements. Each of them is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are required to decide on the best choice that makes the statement meaningfully and structurally correct.
-
As the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent thunderstorm is ____.
A. immediate B. instantaneous C. eminent D. imminent
-
It is impossible to ___ these two points of view because they are too different.
A. compromise B. unite C. reconcile D. combine
Directions: In this part there are 4 reading passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D after each question or statement. You are required to decide on the best choice.
Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively “Southern”-the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.
-
The author is primarily concerned with ____.
A. refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South.
B. refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South.
C. refuting the two premises that underlie Davis' discussion of the culture of the American South.
D. challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature.
-
Which of the following elements of Davis' book is the author in agreement with?
A. Acquisitiveness was a characteristic unique to the South during the Colonial period.
B. There were significant differences between Puritan and Southern culture during the Colonial period.
C. The Southern colonies shared a common culture.
D. The Northern colonies shared a homogeneous culture.
Directions: In this part there is a short paragraph. You are required to put it into Chinese.
Metaphors of corporations
As David Millon so ably demonstrates, metaphor drives much of the debate within corporate law jurisprudence and corporate law scholarship. It has done so for decades, even centuries. Scholars have used metaphors – corporation as person, corporation as creature of the state, corporation as property, corporation as contract, corporation as community, to name the most prominent – as justifications for the imposition of, or freedom from, legal and ethical requirements. The metaphors are often taken as given or as self-evident. The legal and ethical arguments flow, then, quite naturally.
答案：D
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “暴风雨即将来临” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. immediate（立即的）：侧重 “时间上无延迟”，如 “immediate action”（立即行动），不用于描述 “自然现象即将发生”；
- B. instantaneous（瞬间的）：强调 “发生时间极短”，如 “instantaneous reaction”（瞬间反应），与 “暴风雨来临” 的 “渐进性预兆” 不符；
- C. eminent（著名的；杰出的）：用于形容人或事物的 “地位显赫”，如 “eminent scholar”（杰出学者），语义完全无关；
- D. imminent（逼近的；即将发生的）：侧重 “危险、重大事件即将发生，有明显预兆”，完全匹配 “天空阴沉，暴雨即将来临” 的语境。
- 考博考点延伸：博士英语常考查 “时间 / 状态类形容词” 的语境适配性，“imminent” 与 “immediate” 是高频易混词，前者强调 “事件逼近”，后者强调 “动作即时”。
答案：C
详解：本题考查动词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “两种观点差异过大无法调和” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. compromise（妥协）：侧重 “双方各让一步达成共识”，如 “compromise on the issue”（在问题上妥协），需双方主动让步，而非 “调和观点本身”；
- B. unite（联合）：强调 “将分散的事物结合成整体”，如 “unite two groups”（联合两个群体），不用于 “观点层面的调和”；
- C. reconcile（调和；使一致）：侧重 “化解矛盾、差异，使对立的事物协调”，符合 “两种差异过大的观点无法调和” 的语境；
- D. combine（结合）：强调 “将不同事物合并，保留各自特性”，如 “combine theory and practice”（结合理论与实践），未体现 “化解差异” 的核心需求。
- 考博考点延伸：“reconcile” 与 “compromise” 的区别是博士英语重点，“reconcile” 侧重 “理念、矛盾的调和”，“compromise” 侧重 “利益、立场的妥协”。
答案：B
详解：本题考查主旨大意题，需概括作者对 “戴维斯关于南方文化独特性论点” 的态度。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段指出戴维斯认为 “早期南方文化具有独特性”，其论点基于两个前提；第二段明确 “第一个前提可接受，第二个前提存在严重问题”；第三段进一步论证 “南方文化的所谓‘独特性’实际是多数殖民地的共性，清教徒殖民地才更具独特性”，核心是反驳 “早期南方文化独特性” 的论点。
- 选项排除：
- A. 反驳清教徒文化对南方的影响：原文未否认清教徒文化的影响，而是反驳 “南方文化独特性”，语义偏离；
- C. 反驳两个前提：作者仅质疑第二个前提，认可第一个前提，“反驳两个前提” 表述绝对；
- D. 挑战早期美国文化同质化的假设：原文核心是 “南方文化是否独特”，而非 “美国文化是否同质化”，概括片面。
答案：B
详解：本题考查细节理解题，需定位作者对戴维斯观点的认可之处。
- 原文定位与分析：
第二段提到 “戴维斯聚焦南方与清教徒殖民地在定居动机、对自然和原住民态度等方面的显著差异，这一点不可否认”，即作者认可 “殖民时期清教徒文化与南方文化存在显著差异”。
- 选项排除：
- A. 贪婪是南方独有的特征：第三段指出 “贪婪是多数殖民地的共性，非南方独有”，与戴维斯观点矛盾，作者不认可；
- C. 南方殖民地共享一种文化：作者认可 “南方殖民地文化相似性大于差异性”，但 “共享一种文化” 表述绝对，原文未完全肯定；
- D. 北方殖民地文化同质化：原文未提及 “北方殖民地文化是否同质”，无依据。
答案：
正如戴维・米伦（David Millon）所充分论证的那样，隐喻在公司法理学和公司法学术研究的诸多争议中起到了主导作用。数十年来，甚至数世纪以来，情况一直如此。学者们运用各种隐喻 —— 其中最具代表性的包括将公司比作 “人”、“国家造物”、“财产”、“契约” 和 “共同体”—— 作为施加或免除法律与伦理要求的正当理由。这些隐喻往往被视为既定事实或不证自明的真理，而法律与伦理层面的论证也随之自然展开。
详解：
- 法律术语精准翻译，贴合学术语境：
- “corporate law jurisprudence” 译为 “公司法理学”，“scholarship” 译为 “学术研究”，符合法学学术文本的表述习惯；
- “creature of the state” 译为 “国家造物”，准确还原法学中 “公司由国家授权设立” 的核心含义，避免直译 “国家的生物” 的生硬。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接：
原文第一句较长，翻译时拆分为 “隐喻起到主导作用” 和 “情况一直如此” 两句，用 “数十年来，甚至数世纪以来” 衔接，体现时间跨度；最后一句通过 “往往被视为…… 而…… 也随之” 的结构，还原 “隐喻与论证” 的逻辑关系。
- 语义完整还原：
“to name the most prominent” 译为 “其中最具代表性的包括”，补充逻辑连接词，使列举更自然；“imposition of, or freedom from” 译为 “施加或免除”，完整覆盖 “义务的赋予与免除” 两层语义，符合法律文本的严谨性。
您现在的位置： 