Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
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Many animals match their 2 so well that as long as they do not move no one is 3 to see them.
A. conditions B. surroundings C. enemies D. bodies
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But if the belly is 14 than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be noticed.
A. thinner B. darker C. bigger D. lighter
Directions: Read the following five texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
To understand the marketing concept it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on ―persuasive salesmanship‖ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.
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A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to ______.
A. the efficient production of goods
B. a perfect command of salesmanship
C. a basic command of the marketing concept
D. the conversion of goods into money
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The very core of marketing lies in ______.
A. an understanding of consumer needs
B. the efficient movement of goods
C. developing new wants for consumer goods
D. making goods readily available to customers
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
(47) Several parts of the country are endowed with an abundance of raw material – as many as 300 days of sunshine a year – much to the envy of cloud-enveloped Germany. India has vast tracts of under-utilized land on which to embed rows upon rows of solar panels; the country’s growing and grossly underserved population and expanding industry are hungry for electricity.
答案：B
详解：本题考查名词词义辨析，核心需匹配 “动物伪装与环境融合” 的语境。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. conditions（条件）：侧重 “客观环境的状态”，如 “living conditions”（生活条件），不用于 “动物与周围环境的视觉匹配”；
- B. surroundings（环境）：强调 “生物周围的具体场景与事物”，符合 “动物体色与环境匹配，静止时难以被发现” 的语境；
- C. enemies（敌人）：与 “伪装躲避天敌” 的目的相关，但 “匹配敌人” 语义逻辑不通；
- D. bodies（身体）：“匹配自身身体” 无法体现 “伪装隐蔽” 的核心含义，语义矛盾。
- 考博考点延伸：博士英语完形填空中常考查 “生物适应环境” 类话题，“surroundings” 与 “environment” 是高频易混词，前者侧重 “具体周边环境”，后者侧重 “宏观生态环境”。
答案：D
详解：本题考查形容词比较级辨析，需结合前文 “阴影隐蔽” 的逻辑推导。
- 原文逻辑分析：
前文提到 “动物通体同色时，腹部会有深色阴影，容易暴露”，因此 “腹部颜色比身体其他部位更浅” 时，阴影才不会被察觉，符合 “伪装隐蔽” 的核心需求。
- 选项排除：
- A. thinner（更薄）：侧重 “厚度”，与 “阴影是否明显” 无关；
- B. darker（更深）：会使阴影更明显，与原文逻辑矛盾；
- C. bigger（更大）：侧重 “尺寸”，不影响阴影的可见度；
- D. lighter（更浅）：符合 “弱化阴影、避免暴露” 的逻辑，语义与语境完全匹配。
答案：C
详解：本题考查细节理解题，需定位原文开篇核心观点。
- 原文定位与分析：
第一段首句明确指出 “理解营销与销售的区别，只需理解营销概念的差异”，即 “掌握两者区别能让人初步理解营销概念”。
- 选项排除：
- A. 高效生产商品：是 “过去工业的侧重点”，与 “理解两者区别的结果” 无关；
- B. 熟练掌握推销技巧：是 “销售的核心”，并非理解两者区别的产物；
- D. 将商品转化为货币：是 “销售的目标”，与营销概念无关。
答案：A
详解：本题考查主旨细节题，需提炼营销的核心内涵。
- 原文定位与分析：
第二段提到 “营销以消费者需求为核心，先分析消费者偏好与需求，再生产满足需求的商品”，即营销的核心是 “理解消费者需求”。
- 选项排除：
- B. 商品的高效流通：是 “销售的环节”，非营销核心；
- C. 开发消费者新需求：原文未提及 “创造新需求”，仅强调 “满足现有需求”；
- D. 让商品易于获取：是 “渠道管理的目标”，并非营销的核心。
答案：
印度多个地区拥有丰富的天然资源 —— 每年多达 300 天的日照时间，这让被云层笼罩的德国艳羡不已。印度有大片未被充分利用的土地，可用来铺设一排排太阳能电池板；该国不断增长、电力供应严重不足的人口以及日益扩张的工业，对电力有着迫切的需求。
详解：
- 语义精准还原，补充逻辑衔接：
- “endowed with an abundance of raw material” 译为 “拥有丰富的天然资源”，结合语境明确 “raw material” 指 “日照资源”，避免直译 “原材料” 的生硬；
- 破折号后补充 “日照时间”，使 “300 days of sunshine” 语义更清晰；“much to the envy of” 译为 “让…… 艳羡不已”，比 “让…… 嫉妒” 更符合书面语语境。
- 句式拆分与优化：
原文长句拆分为两个分句，前句讲 “土地资源与太阳能铺设”，后句讲 “人口、工业的电力需求”，用分号衔接，符合中文表达习惯；“grossly underserved population” 译为 “电力供应严重不足的人口”，准确传递 “供应缺口大” 的含义，避免直译 “服务严重不足的人口” 的歧义。
- 文化与语境适配：
“cloud-enveloped Germany” 译为 “被云层笼罩的德国”，结合地理常识还原德国日照较少的特点，使译文更具画面感与准确性。
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