—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦语法词汇、阅读理解、翻译及写作（摘要）等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为华南理工大学 2015 年考博英语（A 卷）真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Don’t trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never ________ with the facts.
A. symmetrical B. comparative C. compatible D. harmonious
- Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were ________ by the noise from the next room.
A. distracted B. displaced C. dispersed D. discarded
The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.
Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.
1). The author’s attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is___.
A) positive B) neutral C) suspicious D) critical
2). According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that___.
A) they had no idea about scientific forestry
B) they had little or no sense of environmental protection
C) they were not aware of the significance of nature study
D) they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials
Task A: Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.
- We have led the world in combined oil and natural gas production for three years running, pushing ahead of energy exporters like Russia and Saudi Arabia.
- What all of these solutions have in common is that they understand that both government and the private sector have a critical role to play.
Task B: Write a summary of 350-400 words based on the text you have read. Your summary should cover both the main argument and the important information of the original text. Remember to supply an appropriate title for your summary.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦形容词词义辨析与固定搭配，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “与事实相符” 相关表达的精准运用。
- 答案详解：
固定搭配 “be compatible with” 表示 “与…… 相符、兼容”，符合语境 “演讲者的言论与事实不符”。
选项分析：
- [A] symmetrical：意为 “对称的”，侧重形态或结构对称；
- [B] comparative：意为 “比较的”，侧重对比关系；
- [C] compatible：意为 “相符的、兼容的”，契合 “与事实一致” 的语义；
- [D] harmonious：意为 “和谐的”，侧重关系融洽，不与 “facts” 搭配，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对 “注意力被干扰” 场景的语义把握。
- 答案详解：
语境为 “试图专注于讲座，却被隔壁噪音干扰”，需选择 “分散注意力” 含义的词汇。
选项分析：
- [A] distracted：意为 “分散注意力、使分心”，符合 “被噪音干扰无法专注” 的语境；
- [B] displaced：意为 “取代、转移”，侧重位置或角色替换；
- [C] dispersed：意为 “分散、驱散”，侧重人群或物体散开；
- [D] discarded：意为 “丢弃、抛弃”，语义不符，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦作者态度判断，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对全文情感倾向的整体把握。
- 答案详解：
作者开篇指出 “祖先认为自然资源无限，缺乏环保意识”，批评其 “愚蠢想法”，并强调自然系统的关联性，暗示当前资源开发存在问题，可见作者态度是批判的。
- [A]“积极的”、[B]“中立的”、[C]“怀疑的” 均与原文情感倾向不符，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对祖先核心错误的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到祖先 “认为自然资源无限”“对自然系统的关联性一无所知”，核心错误是缺乏环保意识。
- [A]“不懂科学林业”、[C]“未意识到自然研究的重要性”、[D]“不知道如何利用原材料” 均是缺乏环保意识的具体表现，而非核心错误，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查 “lead the world in”“for three years running” 等短语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“led the world in” 译为 “在…… 领域居世界领先地位”，“combined oil and natural gas production” 译为 “石油和天然气合计产量”，“for three years running” 译为 “连续三年”，“pushing ahead of” 译为 “超越”；
- 逻辑连贯：现在分词短语 “pushing ahead of” 译为独立分句，使中文表达流畅；
- 术语准确：“energy exporters” 译为 “能源出口国”。
参考译文：我们在石油和天然气合计产量方面已连续三年居世界领先地位，超越了俄罗斯和沙特阿拉伯等能源出口国。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句翻译，核心考查 “what 引导的主语从句”“play a critical role” 等结构，是翻译部分的难点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 句式调整：“What all of these solutions have in common” 译为 “所有这些解决方案的共同之处”，将主语从句转化为名词性短语，符合中文表达习惯；
- 核心短语：“play a critical role” 译为 “发挥关键作用”；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “政府和私营部门均需参与” 的核心含义。
参考译文：所有这些解决方案的共同之处在于，它们都认识到政府和私营部门均需发挥关键作用。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦学术摘要写作，核心考查对原文核心信息的提炼、逻辑梳理及语言浓缩能力，是考博英语写作的核心难点考点。
- 答案详解：
The United States is experiencing an energy revolution, leading the world in oil and natural gas production for three consecutive years, with renewable energy generation soaring and gasoline consumption declining. This revolution is driven by the private sector and supported by the government’s “All-of-the-Above” energy strategy, which aims to promote economic growth, enhance energy security, and lay the foundation for a clean energy future. Meanwhile, U.S. carbon emissions have decreased by 10% from 2007 to 2013, but more efforts are needed to meet the 2020 emission reduction target.
Due to the external costs of carbon emissions, the private sector lacks sufficient incentives to reduce pollution. Thus, the Obama administration launched the Clean Power Plan in 2013, targeting the power sector (accounting for 32% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions). The plan proposes a 30% reduction in power sector emissions from 2005 levels by 2030, based on four approaches: improving energy efficiency of coal-fired plants, increasing the use of natural gas plants, developing low-emission energy sources, and promoting overall energy efficiency.
Notably, the plan features significant flexibility: states can design their own implementation strategies, choose cooperation modes, adjust the timing of emissions reductions, and adopt market-based mechanisms like cap-and-trade. The plan’s benefits are substantial, including avoiding climate disasters, reducing air pollutants, preventing premature deaths, and promoting long-term clean energy development. The estimated annual benefits range from $55 billion to $93 billion, far exceeding the annual costs of $7.3 to $8.8 billion.
Although a comprehensive market-based program covering all sectors is ideal, Congress has not passed relevant legislation. Therefore, the Clean Power Plan, as a flexible and effective measure, becomes the best way for the U.S. to address climate change.
- 结构：遵循 “能源革命背景→计划出台原因→计划核心内容→灵活性与利弊→结论” 的逻辑，完整覆盖原文核心信息；
- 内容：提炼了能源革命成果、计划目标、实施路径、灵活性、成本收益等关键信息，符合 350-400 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “soaring, declining, launch, target, substantial, flexible” 等学术词汇，句式简洁严谨，符合摘要写作规范。
以上仅为华南理工大学 2015 年考博英语（A 卷）真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重语法词汇的夯实、阅读理解的逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、摘要写作的信息提炼与逻辑架构，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
华南理工大学考博真题是华南理工大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考华南理工大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。华南理工大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
