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The contract will be binding when both sides have affixed their ______ to it.
A. seal B. sail C. veil D. sole
- 词汇含义及语境匹配：
- A. seal：意为 “印章；印记”，固定搭配 “affix one's seal to”，意为 “在…… 上盖章”，符合 “合同双方盖章后生效” 的法律语境，正确；
- B. sail：意为 “航行；帆”，与 “合同生效” 语义无关，排除；
- C. veil：意为 “面纱；遮蔽物”，常用搭配 “draw a veil over”（掩盖），语义不符，排除；
- D. sole：意为 “唯一的；鞋底”，无 “盖章” 相关含义，排除。
- 法律语境提示：“binding”（有约束力的）、“contract”（合同）均指向法律场景，“seal” 是法律文件生效的核心要素，为唯一符合逻辑的选项。
I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely _____ my idea to prove your point.
A. extorting B. contradicting C. distorting D. distracting
- 词汇含义辨析：
- A. extorting：意为 “敲诈；勒索”，搭配 “extort sth. from sb.”（向某人勒索某物），与 “歪曲观点” 无关，排除；
- B. contradicting：意为 “反驳；与…… 矛盾”，侧重 “直接否定对方观点”，而题干强调 “故意扭曲原本的想法”，语义不符，排除；
- C. distorting：意为 “歪曲；曲解”，符合 “对方故意篡改我的观点来佐证自己论点” 的语境，正确；
- D. distracting：意为 “分散注意力”，搭配 “distract sb. from sth.”（使某人分心），与 “观点” 搭配不当，排除。
- 语境验证：前半句 “我根本没说过那样的话” 暗示对方故意歪曲事实，“distorting” 精准匹配 “篡改观点” 的核心语义。
Researchers have come to believe that dreams _____.
A. can be modified in their courses
B. are susceptible to emotional changes
C. reflect our innermost desires and fears
D. are a random outcome of neural repairs
- 定位原文：首段结尾权威观点 “And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. ‘It’s your dream,’ says Rosalind Cartwright... ‘If you don’t like it, change it.’”
- 选项分析：
- A. “可以在过程中被修改” 与 “brought under conscious control”“change it” 直接对应，正确；
- B. “易受情绪变化影响” 是 “梦与情绪相关” 的反向表述，原文强调 “梦调节情绪”，而非 “被情绪影响”，排除；
- C. “反映内心欲望和恐惧” 是弗洛伊德的传统理论，原文明确提到 “20 世纪 70 年代后神经学家已摒弃该观点”，排除；
- D. “是神经修复的随机结果” 是 20 世纪 70 年代的观点，并非当前研究者的结论，排除。
- 解题关键：区分 “传统理论” 与 “当前研究结论”，聚焦原文 “now researchers suspect”“leading authority says” 后的核心观点。
What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
A. The habit of thinking independently.
B. Profound knowledge of the world.
C. Practical abilities for future career.
D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
- 定位原文：首段明确 “Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education - not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.”（我们送孩子上学是为了获得实用教育，而非为了知识本身而追求知识）。
- 选项分析：
- A. “独立思考的习惯” 原文未提及，排除；
- B. “渊博的世界知识” 与 “not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge” 相悖，排除；
- C. “未来职业所需的实用能力” 与 “practical education” 直接对应，正确；
- D. “追求知识的信心” 与美国社会 “轻视智识” 的背景矛盾，排除。
- 解题关键：抓住 “practical education” 这一核心短语，锁定 “实用能力” 的语义方向。
- 开篇点题：明确信任是社会运转的基石，当前社会信任缺失已影响人际交往与社会和谐，重建信任需个体、社会与制度多方发力。
- 核心论点展开：
- 论点一：个体层面需坚守诚信底线。诚信是信任的前提，个体在日常交往中做到言行一致、坦诚相待，才能积累人际信任，例如商家诚信经营、个人遵守承诺。
- 论点二：社会层面需强化正向引导。媒体应宣传诚信典型案例，营造 “守信光荣、失信可耻” 的氛围；社会组织可通过公益活动促进人际互动，减少陌生感带来的不信任。
- 论点三：制度层面需完善约束与保障机制。建立健全失信惩戒制度，让失信者付出代价；同时完善公共服务与信息公开制度，减少信息不对称，从根源上降低信任成本。
- 结尾总结：重建社会信任非一日之功，需个体自律、社会引导与制度保障形成合力。唯有如此，才能让信任回归社会，促进人际和谐与社会良性发展。
How to Rebuild Trust Among Social Members?
Trust is the cornerstone of a harmonious society, facilitating interpersonal communication and social operation. However, the lack of trust has become a prominent social issue in recent years, affecting everything from daily interactions to business transactions. Rebuilding trust among social members requires the joint efforts of individuals, society and institutions.
Firstly, individuals should uphold the bottom line of integrity. Integrity is the foundation of trust. In daily life, we should keep our promises, be honest in communication and act in accordance with moral and legal standards. For example, merchants should operate in good faith by providing genuine products and services, while ordinary people should be truthful in interpersonal interactions. Only when each individual practices integrity can interpersonal trust be gradually accumulated.
Secondly, society needs to strengthen positive guidance. The media should vigorously publicize typical cases of integrity, spreading positive energy and creating a social atmosphere where honesty is praised and dishonesty is condemned. Meanwhile, social organizations can organize public welfare activities to promote interactions between people, reducing the sense of alienation and suspicion caused by social mobility.
Finally, the institutional level should improve restraint and guarantee mechanisms. On one hand, a sound punishment system for dishonesty should be established to increase the cost of breaking trust, such as restricting the rights of dishonest individuals in employment, finance and other fields. On the other hand, the public service and information disclosure systems should be improved to reduce information asymmetry, which is an important source of distrust.
In conclusion, rebuilding social trust is a long-term and arduous task. It requires individuals to be self-disciplined, society to guide positively, and institutions to provide guarantee. Only through the joint efforts of all parties can trust be restored, laying a solid foundation for a more harmonious and orderly society.
- 主题契合：紧扣 “重建社会信任” 的核心，从个体、社会、制度三个维度展开，逻辑层层递进，覆盖 “如何做” 的核心诉求；
- 论证充分：结合商家经营、媒体宣传等具体场景，避免空洞论述，增强说服力；
- 语言规范：使用 “cornerstone”“uphold the bottom line”“information asymmetry” 等学术词汇，句式包含定语从句、状语从句，符合考博英语写作的正式性要求，字数约 280 词，满足题干限制。
One-third of the US physicians are over 65, and that proportion is expected to rise. As doctors in the baby boom generation reach 65, many are under increasing financial pressures that make them reluctant to retire. Many doctors, of course, retain their skills and sharpness of mind into their 70s and beyond. But physicians are hardly immune to Parkinson’s disease, stroke and other ills of aging. And some experts warn that there are too few safeguards to protect patients against those who should no longer be practicing. “My guess is that people think there is some fail-safe mechanism to protect them from incompetent physicians,” Dr. Norcross said. “There is not.”
美国三分之一的医生年龄超过 65 岁，且这一比例预计还会上升。随着婴儿潮一代的医生年满 65 岁，许多人面临着日益增大的经济压力，这使得他们不愿退休。当然，许多医生在 70 岁及以上高龄仍能保持专业技能和清晰思维。但医生也难以避免帕金森病、中风及其他与衰老相关的疾病。一些专家警告称，目前几乎没有足够的保障措施来保护患者免受那些不应再行医的医生的侵害。诺克罗斯博士表示：“我猜想人们认为存在某种万无一失的机制能保护他们免受不合格医生的伤害，但事实并非如此。”
- 术语精准：“physicians” 译为 “医生”（符合医疗语境），“Parkinson’s disease” 译为 “帕金森病”（医学标准术语），“fail-safe mechanism” 译为 “万无一失的机制”（准确传递 “绝对安全” 的含义）；
- 句式优化：拆分英文长句为中文短句，用 “随着”“但”“这使得” 等关联词衔接逻辑，避免直译导致的晦涩感；
- 语义完整：完整保留 “经济压力→不愿退休”“衰老疾病→行医风险”“保障缺失→患者隐患” 的逻辑链，无信息遗漏。
本周末，一个著名网站中止了音乐和影视的下载服务，由此引起人们对多媒体文件共享网站命运的严重关注｡自星期六起，通过
verycd.com 进入音乐或电影频道的路径被屏蔽，或者被导向其他网站｡VeryCD 的首席执行官黄一孟告诉记者，中止服务是为了避免著作权侵权｡
A famous website suspended its music and video download services this weekend, which has aroused widespread concern about the fate of multimedia file-sharing websites. Since Saturday, access to the music or film channels through
verycd.com has been blocked or redirected to other websites. Huang Yimeng, CEO of VeryCD, told reporters that the suspension of services is to avoid copyright infringement.
- 术语规范：“中止下载服务” 译为 “suspended download services”（“suspend” 侧重 “暂时中止”，符合语境），“著作权侵权” 译为 “copyright infringement”（法律标准术语）；
- 句式流畅：将中文主动句 “引起关注” 译为英文非限制性定语从句 “which has aroused...”，符合英文表达习惯；“被屏蔽、被导向” 译为 “has been blocked or redirected”，被动语态准确传递 “网站路径被处理” 的语义；
- 专有名词准确：“VeryCD”“黄一孟” 保留原名拼写，“首席执行官” 译为 “CEO”（通用缩写），符合英文专有名词表达规范。
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