Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
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Those naughty boys were caught _________ flowers in the garden again.
A. to steal B. stealing C. having stolen D .to have stolen
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It is important that the hotel receptionist __________ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. made sure C. must make sure D. make sure
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答案:B
- 解题思路:本题考查 “catch sb doing sth” 的固定搭配,核心语义为 “当场抓住某人正在做某事”。题干中 “were caught” 为被动语态,还原主动结构为 “caught those naughty boys ________ flowers”,需填入能体现 “正在偷花” 的非谓语动词形式。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “to steal”:“catch sb to do sth” 非固定搭配,不定式表 “目的或结果”,与 “当场抓住” 的语境矛盾,排除;
- B 选项 “stealing”:现在分词表 “主动且正在进行”,“be caught doing sth” 为被动结构,精准匹配 “被当场抓住正在偷花” 的语义,正确;
- C 选项 “having stolen”:现在分词完成式表 “动作发生在主句动作之前”,即 “偷花在前,被抓在后”,但 “caught” 强调 “当场性”,需动作同步进行,排除;
- D 选项 “to have stolen”:不定式完成式同样表 “动作先于主句”,且无 “catch sb to have done” 的用法,排除。
- 知识扩展:考博英语中 “感官动词 + 宾语 + 非谓语” 是高频考点,常见感官动词包括 “see, hear, watch, notice, catch”,其后接现在分词(doing)表 “动作正在进行”,接不带 to 的不定式(do)表 “动作全过程”,如 “saw him cross the road”(看见他过马路的全过程)、“heard her singing”(听见她正在唱歌)。考生需结合语境区分 “进行态” 与 “全过程” 的语义差异,避免搭配错误。
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答案:D
- 解题思路:本题考查 “虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用”,核心语法规则为 “在 It is important/necessary/essential that... 句型中,从句谓语动词需用‘should + 动词原形’,should 可省略”。题干中 “it is important that...” 为典型虚拟语气触发结构,需填入符合规则的谓语形式。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “has made sure”:现在完成时表 “已完成的动作”,不符合虚拟语气要求,排除;
- B 选项 “made sure”:一般过去时表 “过去的动作”,无虚拟含义,排除;
- C 选项 “must make sure”:“must” 表 “强制要求”,而虚拟语气中需用 “should”(可省略),且 “must” 与 “it is important” 的语义逻辑不符,排除;
- D 选项 “make sure”:省略 should 的虚拟语气形式,符合 “it is important that+(should)do” 的语法规则,正确。
- 知识扩展:考博英语虚拟语气的高频触发词还包括 “suggest, propose, demand, require, request” 等,其后接宾语从句时,同样需用 “(should)do” 结构,如 “suggested that we(should)hold a meeting”。考生需系统掌握虚拟语气的 “三种时态场景”(与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反)及 “特殊句型触发”(如 wish, as if, if only),这类语法点在完形填空和写作中均有考查,需重点掌握。
Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this
21-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the
22 to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an
23 education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is
24 required by law. It is not simply to
25 everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally
26 to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain
27 of the American citizen, a character who is
28 if he cannot competently assess
29 his livelihood and happiness are affected by things
30 of himself.
21.[A]distinction [B]topic [C]separation [D]education
26.[A]ordered [B]inquired [C]required [D]acquired
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答案:A
- 解题思路:空格前 “this” 指代前文提到的 “两种观点的无形界限”(为职业前景 vs 为教育改革),后文 “indeed, contradiction” 进一步强调 “这种界限实际是矛盾”,因此空格需填入与 “界限、差异” 相关的名词。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “distinction”:意为 “区别、差异”,精准对应 “两种观点的界限”,且与后文 “contradiction” 形成递进(先有差异,进而构成矛盾),正确;
- B 选项 “topic”:意为 “话题”,前文强调的是 “观点差异”,而非 “话题本身”,排除;
- C 选项 “separation”:意为 “分离、隔开”,侧重 “空间或物理上的分离”,而文中是 “观点上的差异”,语义不符,排除;
- D 选项 “education”:意为 “教育”,与前文 “两种观点的界限” 无关,排除。
- 知识扩展:考博英语完形填空中 “代词指代” 是重要解题线索,本题 “this” 明确指代前文内容,考生需通过 “前后语义衔接” 锁定答案。同时,“distinction” 与 “contradiction” 的语义递进关系(distinction 强调 “差异存在”,contradiction 强调 “差异引发冲突”)是学术文本的典型逻辑,需积累这类 “抽象名词的语义辨析”(如 difference, distinction, contradiction 的差异)。
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答案:C
- 解题思路:空格前 “legally”(法律上)提示此处需体现 “法律规定的义务”,后文 “to attend school into their teens”(青少年阶段必须上学)进一步明确 “强制性要求”,因此空格需填入表 “要求、强制” 的动词。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “ordered”:意为 “命令”,主语通常为 “人或权威机构”(如 the government ordered),而文中主语是 “all children”,被动语态 “be ordered to do” 语义不通(孩子不能被 “命令” 上学,应为 “被要求”),排除;
- B 选项 “inquired”:意为 “询问、调查”,与 “上学” 语义无关,排除;
- C 选项 “required”:意为 “要求、规定”,“be required by law to do” 为固定搭配,表 “法律规定必须做某事”,精准匹配 “法律要求孩子上学” 的语境,正确;
- D 选项 “acquired”:意为 “获得、习得”,如 “acquire knowledge”,与 “attend school” 搭配不当,排除。
- 知识扩展:考博英语中 “法律、教育类文本” 常出现 “required, compulsory, mandatory” 等表 “强制” 的词汇,考生需积累这类场景化词汇(如 compulsory education 义务教育、mandatory requirements 强制性要求),同时注意 “被动语态” 在学术文本中的应用(如 be required by law, be compulsory for sb),以提升文本理解的精准度。
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance.
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come-with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.
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The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell______.
A. readers how to be popular with people around
B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves
C. parents how to control and guide their children
D. people how to understand and respect each other
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The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should______.
A. differ from others in as many ways as possible
B. become popular with others
C. find his real self
D. rebel against his parents and the popularity wave
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答案:B
- 解题思路:主旨题需把握全文核心逻辑:首段指出 “青少年看似叛逆,实则随波逐流”;第二段通过 “穿衣、音乐选择” 举例,说明青少年 “盲目跟风”;第三段分析 “广告和市场” 加剧这一现象,成为 “自我探索的障碍”;末段呼吁 “突破障碍,找到自我”。全文围绕 “青少年应摆脱随波逐流,学会独立决策” 展开,核心受众为青少年,故作者目的是 B 选项。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “如何受周围人欢迎”:末段明确 “真正的受欢迎是因真实自我被尊重”,而非 “教如何受欢迎”,排除;
- C 选项 “父母如何管控引导孩子”:文中仅首段提及 “父母抱怨孩子叛逆”,未涉及 “父母的管控方法”,排除;
- D 选项 “如何理解尊重他人”:全文核心是 “青少年自我探索”,与 “理解尊重他人” 无关,排除。
- 知识扩展:考博英语阅读主旨题需通过 “段落核心句串联” 判断,如本文末段 “Find yourself. Be yourself.” 是全文主旨句,直接指向 “青少年独立决策、寻找自我”,考生需学会定位 “作者明确表达观点的句子”(通常在末段或首段),避免被细节选项干扰。
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答案:C
- 解题思路:段落主旨题需分析末段逻辑:首句 “障碍值得跨越,道路值得追随” 提出观点;中间通过 “听古典音乐、收集石头” 举例,说明 “不随波逐流的选择”;末句 “Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come...” 明确核心 ——“找到真实自我,才能获得真正的认可”,故段落主旨为 C 选项。
- 选项分析:
- A 选项 “尽可能与他人不同”:文中强调 “因真实需求而不同”,而非 “刻意求异”,排除;
- B 选项 “受他人欢迎”:末段指出 “受欢迎是找到自我后的结果,而非目标”,排除;
- D 选项 “反抗父母和流行趋势”:文中反对 “盲目叛逆”,强调 “理性自我探索”,排除。
- 知识扩展:考博英语段落主旨题常通过 “观点 + 举例 + 总结” 结构展开,考生需关注 “过渡词”(如 but, well)和 “祈使句”(如 Find yourself, Be yourself),这类表达通常是作者观点的核心,也是解题的关键线索。
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Government throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 61) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (62)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the effects of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
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English 原文:Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
Chinese Translation:在现代条件下,这需要采取不同程度的集中控制措施,因此也需要诸如经济学家和运筹学专家等专业科学家的协助。
- 翻译要点解析:
- 术语准确性:“centralized control” 译为 “集中控制”(经济管理领域标准术语),“operational research experts” 译为 “运筹学专家”(数学与管理交叉学科术语),避免直译导致歧义;
- 句式逻辑优化:“requires varying measures...and hence the help...” 中 “hence” 表 “因果递进”,译为 “因此也需要”,清晰体现 “集中控制措施” 与 “专业科学家协助” 的逻辑关系;
- 修饰成分处理:“such as economists and operational research experts” 作为 “specialized scientists” 的后置定语,译为 “诸如…… 等专业科学家”,符合中文 “先总后分” 的表达习惯,避免语序混乱。
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English 原文:Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the effects of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
Chinese Translation:此外,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力与其农业和工业的效率直接相关,而这反过来又取决于各类科学家和技术人员的作用。
- 翻译要点解析:
- 固定搭配精准:“be bound up with” 译为 “与…… 直接相关”(避免直译 “绑定”),“rests upon” 译为 “取决于”(体现 “依赖” 的语义),符合学术文本的严谨性;
- 指代明确:“this” 指代前文 “the efficiency of its agriculture and industry”,译为 “这”,避免指代模糊;“its” 指代 “a country's”,译为 “其”,保持指代一致性;
- 逻辑衔接自然:“Furthermore” 译为 “此外”,表递进;“in turn” 译为 “反过来”,表因果循环,准确传递 “经济实力→工农业效率→科技人员作用” 的递进关系,符合中文表达逻辑。
空军工程大学考博真题(含英语、工科专业课)是备考的核心资料,历年真题均配备高分答案详解,能帮助考生精准把握命题重点(如英语侧重词汇语法、学术阅读与翻译,专业课侧重工程理论与应用)。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题:
- 考博信息网官网:http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
- 空军工程大学历年考博真题下载专用页面:http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2010776.html
- 英语备考:
- 词汇:重点积累学术词汇(如 operational research, centralized control)和法律 / 教育类场景词汇(如 compulsory, required),结合真题语境记忆;
- 语法:聚焦虚拟语气、非谓语动词、定语从句等高频语法点,通过真题例句总结规则,避免死记硬背;
- 翻译:注重 “术语准确” 和 “逻辑衔接”,练习将英文长句拆解为中文短句(如拆分含多个 that 从句的复合句),提升译文流畅度。
- 专业课备考:
- 结合空军工程大学 “航空宇航科学与技术、兵器科学与技术” 等优势学科,重点掌握核心理论(如发动机特性、飞机结构强度),关注 “理论 + 工程应用” 的结合(如真题中 “飞机结构疲劳与断裂分析” 需结合实际案例);
- 通过真题练习,总结工科论述题的答题框架(如 “原理 + 公式 + 案例 + 应用局限”),提升学术表达的严谨性。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法,考生可高效提升考博应试能力,助力顺利上岸空军工程大学博士研究生。