2026年 辽宁大学考博真题,考博试题

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2026 年辽宁大学考博真题 样题

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本文以 2003 年辽宁大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题为例,作为 2026 年辽宁大学考博真题的样题参考,帮助考生掌握考博英语的听力填空、英汉互译等核心题型的答题逻辑与学术化表达技巧。辽宁大学历年考博真题(含英语、马克思主义理论、经济学、法学等所有专业)均配备完整、精准的高分答案详解,考生可通过考博信息网(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/)获取最近年份及更多详细考博真题,也可直接访问辽宁大学历年考博真题下载专用页面(http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_1210501.html)下载所需真题资料,为考博备考提供权威学术支撑。

2003 年辽宁大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题

I. Listening Comprehension (20 points)

1. Listen to the tape and then fill in the blanks with missing words. (10 points)

There are two "master" in the town engaged in painting. One is Lu Xiaozhi and the other, Qin Yizhai. Those called "masters" by the locals cover a wide 1 of occupations. Generally speaking, a master does not do physical labour but holds a 2 post: he may be an 3 in a store, a clerk in a 4 shop, a pen-and-ink painter who 5 others to write with his own 6 or pen, or a reporter for a newspaper. A man who paints, of course, is 7 to be called a "master". He is 8 called an artist, perhaps because it is a rarely used word, or a painting master, which is not conspicuous. Mr. Lu and Mr. Qin live on either end of the same street, both in common houses, with a small pad on the lintel. Their so-called panels are not lacquered, nor do they 9 gilded 10. They are simply plain boards on which are written two characters: "Lu Xiaozhi's Studio" in running hand and "Qin Yizhai's Studio" in ancient official script.

答案解析

  1. 答案:range
    • 解题思路:空格前 “a wide” 与空格后 “of occupations” 提示需填入名词,构成 “a wide range of” 固定搭配,表 “广泛的、多样的”,符合 “当地人所称的‘大师’涵盖多种职业” 的语境。
    • 知识扩展:考博英语听力填空常考查 “固定短语”,类似表达还有 “a variety of”“a diversity of”,均表 “多样的”,需结合语境区分 ——“range” 侧重 “范围广度”,“variety” 侧重 “种类差异”,此处 “occupations” 强调职业范围,故 “range” 更精准。
  2. 答案:respectable
    • 解题思路:空格修饰 “post(职位)”,结合前文 “a master does not do physical labour(大师不从事体力劳动)”,可知职位应具备 “体面、受人尊敬” 的属性,“respectable”(体面的、值得尊敬的)符合语义,且与 “physical labour” 形成对比,体现 “脑力 / 体面工作” 与 “体力工作” 的差异。
  3. 答案:accountant
    • 解题思路:空格前 “an” 提示填入以元音音素开头的名词,且需符合 “商店中的体面职位” 属性,“accountant(会计)” 是商店常见的脑力岗位,拼写与语法(an 后接元音开头)均匹配,同时与后文 “clerk(职员)”“reporter(记者)” 等职业类型一致,符合 “多样职业” 的列举逻辑。
  4. 答案:stationery
    • 解题思路:空格修饰 “shop”,结合后文 “pen-and-ink painter(笔墨画家)”“write with his own...pen(用自己的笔写字)”,可知此处商店应与 “文具相关”,“stationery shop”(文具店)为固定搭配,精准呼应 “笔墨、钢笔” 等文具元素,符合语境连贯性。
  5. 答案:helps
    • 解题思路:空格前 “a pen-and-ink painter who” 提示需填入谓语动词,后接 “others to write”,构成 “help sb to do” 结构(to 可省略),表 “帮助他人写字”,符合 “笔墨画家通过笔墨为他人服务” 的职业场景,且主语 “a painter” 为第三人称单数,故用 “helps”。
  6. 答案:brush
    • 解题思路:空格后 “or pen” 提示填入与 “笔” 同类的书写工具,“brush(毛笔)” 是 “pen-and-ink painter(笔墨画家)” 的核心工具,与 “pen” 形成 “传统与现代书写工具” 的并列,且 “write with his own brush or pen” 语义通顺,符合画家的职业特征。
  7. 答案:entitled
    • 解题思路:空格前 “is” 与空格后 “to be called” 提示填入形容词,构成 “be entitled to” 固定搭配,表 “有资格被称为”,符合 “画画的人有资格被称为‘大师’” 的语义,且比 “qualified(有资格的)” 更强调 “社会认可的权利”,贴合 “大师” 的称谓属性。
  8. 答案:usually
    • 解题思路:空格修饰 “called an artist”,需填入副词表 “频率或常规情况”,结合前文 “a man who paints...is entitled to be called a ‘master’”,此处转折说明 “实际常被称为艺术家”,“usually(通常)” 准确体现 “常规称谓习惯”,与 “perhaps because...”(解释原因)形成逻辑衔接。
  9. 答案:have
    • 解题思路:空格前 “nor do they” 提示为部分倒装结构,需填入实义动词原形,构成 “have gilded...”(有镀金的……),与前文 “are not lacquered(未上漆)” 形成 “既未上漆,也没有镀金……” 的并列否定,符合 “牌匾朴素” 的描述,语法与语义均匹配。
  10. 答案:patterns
    • 解题思路:空格前 “gilded(镀金的)” 提示填入名词,表 “牌匾上的镀金元素”,“patterns(图案)” 是牌匾常见的装饰元素,“gilded patterns”(镀金图案)符合 “装饰性” 属性,且与后文 “simply plain boards(只是朴素的木板)” 形成对比,突出牌匾的简洁。

II. Translate the following into Chinese. (55 points)

1. Passage 1

You have to think about imprisonment. Someone proposes that since armed robbery is a very serious crime, armed robbers should get a life sentence. A constitutional lawyer asks whether that is consistent with the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. A legal philosopher asks whether it is just. An economist points out that if the punishments for armed robbery and for armed robbery plus murder are the same, the additional punishment for the murder is zero—and asks whether you really want to make it in the interest of robbers to murder their victims. That is what economics has to do with law. Economics, whose subject, at the most fundamental level, is not money or the economy but the implications of rational choice, is an essential tool for figuring out the effects of legal rules. Knowing what effects rules will have is central both to understanding the rules we have and to deciding what rules we should have.

答案解析

Chinese Translation你必须思考监禁(刑罚)的合理性。有人提出,既然持械抢劫是极其严重的犯罪,持械抢劫者应被判处终身监禁。宪法律师会质疑这一判决是否符合 “禁止残酷且非常规刑罚” 的原则;法哲学家则会追问其是否具备公正性。 经济学家则指出,若持械抢劫与 “持械抢劫加谋杀” 的刑罚相同,那么谋杀行为所对应的额外刑罚实则为零 —— 进而提出疑问:你真的希望让抢劫者认为谋杀受害者对自己有利吗? 这便是经济学与法律的关联所在。从最根本层面来看,经济学的研究对象并非金钱或经济本身,而是 “理性选择的影响”。它是分析法律规则效果的核心工具:了解规则将产生何种影响,对于理解现有规则的意义、决定应制定何种规则,均至关重要。
  • 翻译要点解析
    1. 术语准确性
      • “life sentence” 译为 “终身监禁”(法律领域标准术语),避免直译 “生活判决”;
      • “cruel and unusual punishment” 译为 “残酷且非常规刑罚”,对应美国宪法第八修正案中的经典表述,体现法律文本的严谨性;
      • “rational choice” 译为 “理性选择”(经济学核心概念,指个体基于自身利益最大化的决策行为)。
    2. 句式逻辑优化
      • 原文 “An economist points out that...and asks whether...” 含两个并列谓语,译为 “经济学家则指出…… 进而提出疑问……”,用 “进而” 体现逻辑递进,符合中文表达习惯;
      • “Economics, whose subject...is not...but...” 为非限定性定语从句,拆分译为 “从最根本层面来看,经济学的研究对象并非…… 而是……”,避免长句直译导致的语序混乱。
    3. 语义完整传递
      • “make it in the interest of robbers to murder their victims” 译为 “让抢劫者认为谋杀受害者对自己有利”,补充 “认为” 一词,明确 “理性选择” 的核心 —— 抢劫者基于 “刑罚无额外成本” 的判断做出决策,准确传递经济学家的核心观点;
      • 末句 “Knowing what effects...is central both to...and to...” 译为 “了解…… 对于…… 均至关重要”,用 “均” 字强化 “理解现有规则” 与 “制定新规则” 的双重重要性,贴合原文强调的 “经济学工具价值”。

III. Translate the following two passages into English. (25 points)

1. Passage One (13 points)

经济增长受到诸多因素的驱动,如经济、政治和文化等。虽然传统上经济学家们一直强调生产投入的增加(如劳动力和资本)是产出扩大的主要因素,但是近些年来许多学者却将对经济增长的更多注意力转向了政治和技术等原来被忽视的因素。 技术因素在解释现代经济增长原因时是非常重要的。一些经济学者从历史分析的角度强调技术是经济增长的原动力。但也存在另一种倾向,即一些经济学家从宏观分析的角度却不重视技术的作用,这是因为他们无法为技术变革对经济增长所产生的作用给出定量分析。然而,近些年来这种看法受到挑战。如今许多宏观经济研究都将技术进步放到了经济增长的中心位置。将革新过程中的微观经济诸多因素同宏观经济结果联系起来,是经济理论发展的新趋势,从而进一步促进了对经济增长的认识。

答案解析

English TranslationEconomic growth is driven by a variety of factors, including economic, political, and cultural ones. Traditionally, economists have long emphasized that the increase in production inputs (such as labor and capital) is the main driver of output expansion. However, in recent years, many scholars have shifted more attention toward previously neglected factors like politics and technology in the study of economic growth. The technological factor plays a crucial role in explaining the causes of modern economic growth. From a historical analysis perspective, some economists stress that technology is the primary engine of economic growth. Nevertheless, there exists another tendency: some economists, from a macro-analytical perspective, downplay the role of technology, primarily because they cannot provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of technological change on economic growth. In recent years, however, this view has been challenged. Currently, many macroeconomic studies have placed technological progress at the core of economic growth. Linking various microeconomic factors in the innovation process to macroeconomic outcomes has become a new trend in the development of economic theory, thereby further advancing the understanding of economic growth.
  • 翻译要点解析
    1. 术语与搭配精准
      • “生产投入” 译为 “production inputs”(经济学标准术语),“劳动力和资本” 译为 “labor and capital”(生产要素核心概念);
      • “定量分析” 译为 “quantitative analysis”(与 “qualitative analysis(定性分析)” 对应),“宏观经济结果” 译为 “macroeconomic outcomes”,符合学术文本表达习惯。
    2. 逻辑衔接自然
      • 原文 “虽然…… 但是……” 译为 “Traditionally...However...”,用 “Traditionally” 体现 “传统观点”,“However” 转折引出 “近年变化”,逻辑清晰;
      • “这是因为……” 译为 “primarily because...”,用 “primarily” 强调核心原因,比 “because” 更具学术严谨性;
      • “从而进一步促进了……” 译为 “thereby further advancing...”,“thereby” 体现因果关系,符合英文 “前因后果” 的语序逻辑。
    3. 语义完整与学术性
      • “原来被忽视的因素” 译为 “previously neglected factors”,补充 “previously” 明确时间维度,避免歧义;
      • “技术是经济增长的原动力” 译为 “technology is the primary engine of economic growth”,“primary engine” 比 “driving force” 更具学术性,贴合经济增长理论表述;
      • “将革新过程中的微观经济诸多因素同宏观经济结果联系起来” 译为 “Linking various microeconomic factors in the innovation process to macroeconomic outcomes”,用 “Linking...to...” 准确传递 “关联” 含义,“innovation process”(革新过程)比 “reform process” 更贴合 “技术变革” 语境。

真题获取与备考建议

辽宁大学考博真题(含英语、专业课)是备考的核心资料,历年真题均配备高分答案详解,能帮助考生精准把握命题重点(如英语侧重听力填空的固定搭配、英汉互译的学术术语,专业课侧重马克思主义理论、经济学核心原理)。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题:
  1. 考博信息网官网:http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
  2. 辽宁大学历年考博真题下载专用页面:http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_1210501.html

备考建议

  1. 英语备考
    • 听力填空:重点积累 “职业类、文化类” 词汇(如 stationery, brush, respectable)及固定搭配(a wide range of, be entitled to),通过真题练习熟悉 “语境预判 + 语法匹配” 的答题技巧,如根据冠词(an)判断名词首字母发音、根据并列结构(or pen)判断同类词汇;
    • 翻译:注重 “学术术语准确”(如 legal philosophy 译为 “法哲学”,而非 “法律哲学”)和 “逻辑拆分”,将中文长句按 “主谓宾” 拆解为英文短句,避免语序混乱;同时积累 “经济、法律” 等考博高频话题的表达(如 technological progress, macroeconomic analysis)。
  2. 专业课备考
    • 结合辽宁大学 “马克思主义理论、经济学、法学” 等优势学科,重点掌握核心理论(如马克思主义基本原理、西方经济学中的理性选择理论),关注 “理论 + 实践案例” 的结合(如用经济学理论分析法律政策效果);
    • 通过真题练习,总结专业课论述题的答题框架(如 “定义 + 理论依据 + 案例分析 + 争议与展望”),提升学术表达的条理性与深度。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法,考生可高效提升考博应试能力,助力顺利上岸辽宁大学博士研究生。
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