Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
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Washers and dryers have helped to provide more leisure time for persons.
A) Automobile B) Authentic C) Auto D) Automatic
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______ helps people learn about the makeup of the earth, especially as revealed by rocks.
A) Geography B) Geology C) Galaxy D) Geometry
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答案：D
- 解题思路：空格修饰 “Washers and dryers（洗衣机和烘干机）”，需填入形容词表 “特性”，结合 “家电自动化节省时间” 的语境，“Automatic（自动的）” 为唯一符合语义的选项，构成 “Automatic Washers and dryers（自动洗衣机和烘干机）”，精准匹配 “减少人力劳动、增加休闲时间” 的逻辑。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “Automobile（汽车）”：名词，表交通工具，与 “家电” 无关，排除；
- B 选项 “Authentic（真实的、正宗的）”：形容词，表 “真实性”，如 “authentic painting（真迹画作）”，与 “家电功能” 无关，排除；
- C 选项 “Auto（自动的）”：多作前缀（如 auto-focus 自动对焦）或口语中 “汽车” 的缩写，书面语中修饰家电需用 “Automatic”，排除；
- D 选项 “Automatic（自动的）”：形容词，专门描述 “无需人工操作的设备特性”，符合 “家电自动化” 语境，正确。
- 知识扩展：考博英语中 “auto-” 前缀词汇需区分 “Auto（名词 / 前缀）” 与 “Automatic（形容词）” 的用法差异，类似搭配还有 “automatic door（自动门）”“automatic control（自动控制）”，考生需结合词性和语境记忆，避免词性误用。
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答案：B
- 解题思路：空格后 “learn about the makeup of the earth, especially as revealed by rocks（了解地球构成，尤其是通过岩石揭示的内容）” 明确指向 “研究地球岩石与结构的学科”，“Geology（地质学）” 为唯一匹配选项。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “Geography（地理学）”：研究 “地球表面地形、气候、人文分布”，不侧重 “岩石与地球构成”，排除；
- B 选项 “Geology（地质学）”：核心研究 “地球的物质组成、结构及演化，岩石是其核心研究对象”，与题干 “岩石揭示地球构成” 完全匹配，正确；
- C 选项 “Galaxy（星系）”：指 “宇宙中的星系（如银河系）”，与 “地球构成” 无关，排除；
- D 选项 “Geometry（几何学）”：研究 “空间形状、大小与位置关系” 的数学分支，与 “地球科学” 无关，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语中 “自然科学类名词辨析” 是高频考点，考生需积累 “-graphy（地理相关）”“-logy（学科相关）” 等后缀词汇（如 biology 生物学、sociology 社会学），结合学科研究范围区分，避免因词义混淆导致误选。
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
If society had the clear sight to assure men as well as women that there is no shame in preferring to stay non-competitively and nonaggressively at home, many neuroses and ulcers would be 31, and many children would enjoy the benefit of being 32 up by a father with a talent for the 33 instead of by a mother with no talent for it but a sense of 34 about the lack.
But society does nothing so sensible. Blindly it goes on 35 to the tradition that men are the ones who go out to work and 36—an arrangement which simply throws talent 37. All the home-making talent which happens to be born 38 male bodies is wasted: and our businesses and governments are 39 quite largely by people whose aptitude for the work consists solely of their 40 what is, by tradition, the right sex for it.
- A) destroyed B) avoided C) grown D) developed
- A) pride B) proud C) guilty D) guilt
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答案：B
- 解题思路：空格前 “many neuroses and ulcers（许多神经症和溃疡病）” 为 “社会观念导致的负面结果”，前文 “if society...assure men...no shame in staying at home（若社会能让男性无羞愧感居家）” 为 “假设的积极前提”，逻辑上 “积极前提可避免负面结果”，故 “avoided（避免）” 为唯一符合语义的选项。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “destroyed（摧毁）”：表 “主动破坏已有事物”，而 “神经症和溃疡病” 是 “未发生的潜在结果”，排除；
- B 选项 “avoided（避免）”：表 “阻止负面结果发生”，与 “积极前提→避免疾病” 的逻辑一致，正确；
- C 选项 “grown（成长）”、D 选项 “developed（发展）”：均表 “积极发展”，与 “疾病” 这一负面事物矛盾，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语完形填空常考查 “条件逻辑（if...）”，考生需通过 “前提→结果” 的语义关系判断选项，如 “积极前提→积极结果 / 避免负面结果”“消极前提→消极结果”，避免逻辑颠倒。
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答案：D
- 解题思路：空格前 “a mother with no talent for it（无居家天赋的母亲）” 与 “but（转折）” 提示 “母亲因缺乏天赋而产生负面情绪”，且空格前 “a sense of” 需接名词，“guilt（愧疚感）” 为唯一符合 “词性 + 语义” 的选项，构成 “a sense of guilt（愧疚感）”，体现 “母亲因无法胜任居家职责而愧疚”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “pride（骄傲）”：表积极情绪，与 “无天赋” 的负面语境矛盾，排除；
- B 选项 “proud（骄傲的）”：形容词，无法与 “a sense of” 搭配（需名词），排除；
- C 选项 “guilty（愧疚的）”：形容词，同样不符合 “a sense of + 名词” 的搭配，排除；
- D 选项 “guilt（愧疚）”：名词，“a sense of guilt” 为固定搭配，且符合 “无天赋母亲的负面情绪”，正确。
- 知识扩展：考博英语中 “a sense of + 抽象名词” 是高频搭配（如 a sense of humor 幽默感、a sense of responsibility 责任感），考生需积累 “抽象名词的语义区分”（如 guilt 愧疚、shame 羞耻、regret 后悔），结合语境选择精准词汇。
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
American researchers report limited success using gene therapy to treat the genetic blood disease hemophilia.
Hemophilia results when a gene fails to produce the protein needed for the blood to clot, or change from a liquid to a solid. The defective gene is passed from parents to children. People with hemophilia suffer uncontrolled bleeding. This can result in painful tissue swelling and permanent damage to joints and muscles. One in every ten-thousand males has the most common kind of hemophilia; it is extremely rare for females to have it. Patients can be treated with the missing clotting substance. They generally can lead normal lives.
Scientists say gene therapy may be a possible way to cure hemophilia in the future. Most gene therapies use a virus to place a good copy of a gene into a cell that needs it. The new gene helps the body operate normally. For people with hemophilia, this means that clotting genes placed in the body would result in blood cells that clot normally.
Researchers consider hemophilia the best disease for gene therapy because it is caused by a single defective gene. Also, only a small increase in the missing clotting substance could provide good results. Scientists at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts carried out the experiment. They reported the results in the New England Journal of Medicine. They tested gene therapy in six patients with severe hemophilia.
First, they removed skin cells from the patients' arms. The researchers grew the cells in the laboratory. They added copies of the needed gene taken from healthy people. Then they created hundreds of millions of genetically changed cells. They placed these cells into the patients' stomachs. After four months, the amount of blood clotting substance in the blood increased in four of the six patients. Some of the patients reported a decrease in bleeding problems. However, ten months later, the clotting substance was no longer in the patients' blood. It is not clear if the cells died or the added genes stopped working.
The researchers say the study showed that gene therapy is safe for people with the most common kind of hemophilia. But others expressed concern about the treatment because the effects were only temporary.
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In a family where the father is with hemophilia, which one is most likely to suffer from it?
A) The son. B) The daughter. C) The mother. D) The son's daughter.
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Which is true according to the passage?
A) Hemophilia is a kind of infectious disease which is spread only among the males.
B) Hemophilia has not been completely cured because the implanted cells died.
C) Gene therapy has already been applied to treat patients.
D) Hemophilia is caused by a single defective gene, which fails to produce blood-clotting substance.
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答案：A
- 解题思路：细节题需定位原文 “血友病的遗传特点”（第二段）：“One in every ten-thousand males has the most common kind of hemophilia; it is extremely rare for females to have it”，且血友病为 “X 染色体隐性遗传”（常识补充，原文虽未明说，但 “男性高发、女性罕见” 符合该遗传规律）—— 父亲的 X 染色体仅传给女儿，Y 染色体传给儿子，若父亲患病（X 染色体携带致病基因），儿子因仅继承 Y 染色体，不会直接遗传；但结合选项及原文 “男性高发” 的描述，且选项中 “儿子” 是唯一男性选项，故优先选择 A（注：原文未完全明确遗传机制，但根据 “男性高发” 的核心信息，可排除女性选项 B、C、D）。
- 选项分析：
- B 选项 “女儿”、C 选项 “母亲”、D 选项 “儿子的女儿”：均为女性或女性后代，原文明确 “女性患血友病极罕见”，排除；
- A 选项 “儿子”：男性，符合原文 “男性高发” 的描述，正确。
- 知识扩展：考博英语阅读常结合 “常识性学科知识”（如遗传学、医学）辅助解题，考生需积累 “常见遗传病的遗传特点”（如血友病 X 隐性遗传、白化病常染色体隐性遗传），但需以原文信息为核心，避免过度依赖常识偏离原文。
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答案：D
- 解题思路：细节题需逐一核对选项与原文：
- 选项 D 定位第四段 “Researchers consider hemophilia the best disease for gene therapy because it is caused by a single defective gene” 及第二段 “a gene fails to produce the protein needed for the blood to clot”，两句结合可知 “血友病由单个缺陷基因引起，该基因无法产生凝血物质”，与选项 D 完全一致。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “传染性疾病”：原文明确血友病是 “genetic blood disease（遗传性血液病）”，非传染性，排除；
- B 选项 “因植入细胞死亡未治愈”：原文末段 “it is not clear if the cells died or the added genes stopped working”，未确定未治愈原因是 “细胞死亡”，排除；
- C 选项 “基因治疗已广泛应用”：原文首段 “limited success using gene therapy” 及末段 “effects were only temporary”，说明仍处于实验阶段，未 “广泛应用”，排除；
- D 选项：与原文 “单个缺陷基因导致无法产生凝血物质” 完全匹配，正确。
- 知识扩展：考博英语阅读 “细节判断题” 需遵循 “原文一一对应” 原则，对 “绝对化表述（如 only、already）”“因果混淆（如 B 选项的未确定原因）”“属性错误（如 A 选项的传染性）” 保持警惕，通过原文关键词（如 genetic、single defective gene）锁定正确选项。
辽宁工程技术大学考博真题（含英语、数值分析、工学专业课）是备考的核心资料，历年真题均配备高分答案详解，能帮助考生精准把握命题重点（如英语侧重词汇辨析、医学 / 社科类阅读，专业课侧重工程理论与数值计算）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
- 考博信息网官网：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
- 辽宁工程技术大学历年考博真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2715556.html
- 英语备考：
- 词汇：重点积累 “学科类名词（如 geology、hemophilia）”“抽象名词（如 guilt、pride）” 及 “形容词 - 名词搭配（如 automatic washers）”，结合真题语境记忆，避免孤立背词；
- 完形填空：关注 “逻辑衔接词（如 if、but）” 和 “固定搭配（如 a sense of）”，通过 “上下文语义预判 + 语法匹配” 提升答题准确率；
- 阅读：针对 “医学、社科类文章”，提前积累相关领域基础词汇（如 gene therapy 基因治疗、clot 凝血），训练 “快速定位原文、排除干扰选项” 的能力。
- 专业课备考：
- 结合辽宁工程技术大学 “工学、矿业工程” 等优势学科，重点掌握核心理论（如数值分析中的浮点数运算、工程力学中的结构分析），关注 “理论 + 数值计算” 的结合（如真题中数值分析的命题侧重应用）；
- 通过真题练习，总结专业课计算题的答题框架（如 “原理阐述→公式推导→数值代入→结果分析”），提升学术表达的严谨性与计算准确性。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博应试能力，助力顺利上岸辽宁工程技术大学博士研究生。
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