Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
June 26, 2000 - the Human Genome Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life. But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology have provided material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is "unlocking the code" of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with terrible diseases as yet, and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.
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Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome?
A. Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.
B. Because the human genome's completion can help them get rid of many diseases.
C. Because they wanted to be better known than others.
D. Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.
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Which of the following is NOT true?
A. If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses.
B. The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers.
C. Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map.
D. The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.
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答案：B
- 解题思路：细节题定位原文核心信息：首段明确 “人类基因组计划（Human Genome Project）的目标是绘制人类基因图谱，科学界与医学界对其‘消除疾病、延长寿命’的潜力感到兴奋”，第三段进一步提及 “该计划旨在‘破解人体密码以攻克致命疾病’”。选项 B “基因组计划的完成为消除多种疾病提供帮助” 是原文 “getting rid of diseases”“defeat fatal diseases” 的同义改写，精准匹配科学家研究的核心动机。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “人类基因组能摧毁疾病”：“destroy illnesses” 表述错误，基因组本身无法 “摧毁” 疾病，而是通过研究基因组找到治疗疾病的方法，排除；
- B 选项 “基因组计划的完成为消除多种疾病提供帮助”：与 “genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases”“defeat fatal diseases” 完全一致，正确；
- C 选项 “科学家想比他人更出名”：原文未提及 “名利动机”，属于无中生有，排除；
- D 选项 “基因组能提供大量工作机会”：原文仅说 “生物技术领域的基因进展为各类研究提供素材”，并非 “提供工作机会”，偷换概念，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语阅读常考查 “科研项目的目的与意义”，需关注 “aimed at”“provide for”“in order to” 等表目的的短语，同时区分 “项目本身” 与 “项目带来的成果”（如本题中 “基因组计划”≠“基因组”，避免 A 选项的概念混淆）。
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答案：D
- 解题思路：细节判断题需逐一核对选项与原文：
- 选项 A：原文末段 “Once these genes are found... develop new ways to attack infections and genetic diseases”（找到基因后可研发新疗法），与 A 表述一致；
- 选项 B：原文第三段 “making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer”（在关联癌症基因方面取得进展），与 B 表述一致；
- 选项 C：原文末段 “Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome”（医药公司对基因图谱绘制感兴趣），与 C 表述一致；
- 选项 D：原文第三段 “the leading organization... began in 1990”（美国主导的研究始于 1990 年，即 20 世纪末），而非 “19 世纪早期”，表述错误。
- 选项分析：D 选项时间表述与原文 “1990 年” 矛盾，为本题答案；其余选项均能在原文找到对应依据，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语 “正误判断题” 常通过 “时间、数字、程度” 等细节设置干扰项（如本题 D 选项的 “19th century”），需精准定位原文时间、数据等关键信息，避免因粗心导致误判。
Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice on your Answer Sheet.
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Try some of this cake, which I ______ especially for you.
A) boiled B) baked C) burned D) roasted
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The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property ______ the terms of the agreement.
A) by way of B) in accordance with C) with regard to D) in relation to
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答案：B
- 解题思路：题干核心场景为 “制作蛋糕”，需选择与 “蛋糕” 搭配的烹饪动词。“bake” 特指 “用烤箱烘焙（面包、蛋糕、饼干等）”，是制作蛋糕的标准表述；其他选项均不匹配 “蛋糕” 的烹饪方式。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “boiled（煮）”：用于 “煮水、煮蛋” 等，与 “蛋糕” 无关，排除；
- B 选项 “baked（烘焙）”：“bake a cake” 为固定搭配，正确；
- C 选项 “burned（烧糊）”：表 “意外烧焦”，与 “特意为你制作” 的积极语境矛盾，排除；
- D 选项 “roasted（烤）”：多用于 “烤肉类、坚果”，如 “roast chicken（烤鸡）”，不用于蛋糕，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语常考查 “烹饪、生活场景类动词辨析”，需积累固定搭配（如 “fry eggs（煎蛋）”“steam fish（蒸鱼）”“bake pastries（烘焙点心）”），避免因动词使用场景混淆导致错误。
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答案：B
- 解题思路：题干逻辑为 “租户需按协议条款装修房产”，需选择表 “依据、按照” 的短语。“in accordance with” 为正式书面语，意为 “根据、依照”，精准匹配 “按协议条款执行” 的法律 / 合同场景，符合博士英语对 “正式语境表达” 的要求。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “by way of（通过... 方式）”：表 “方法途径”，如 “travel by way of train（乘火车旅行）”，与 “条款依据” 无关，排除；
- B 选项 “in accordance with（根据）”：“in accordance with the agreement” 为合同类文本常用表达，正确；
- C 选项 “with regard to（关于）”：表 “涉及、提及”，如 “a report with regard to pollution（关于污染的报告）”，无 “依据” 含义，排除；
- D 选项 “in relation to（与... 相关）”：表 “关联”，如 “issues in relation to health（健康相关问题）”，不表 “依据”，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语重视 “正式语境短语辨析”，尤其在法律、学术文本中，需区分 “依据类短语”（in accordance with, pursuant to, in compliance with）与 “关联类短语”（with regard to, in relation to, concerning），避免口语化表达（如 “according to” 在正式书面语中可替换为 “in accordance with”）。
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.
A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we're partly there. 36) The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the workforce than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. 37) But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers - all these are being challenged.
English 原文（36-37 句）：
36) The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.
37) But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers - all these are being challenged.
Chinese Translation：
36）在西方世界，依靠制造业谋生的人口比例已大幅下降。如今，美国、欧洲和日本的大多数工作岗位（其中许多国家这一比例达三分之二或更高）都集中在服务业，且这一数字仍在持续上升。
37）但这场经济变革的广度不能仅靠数字来衡量，因为它还催生了一种关于工作本质的全新思考方式。长期以来人们对工作与职业、成功所需技能，甚至个人与雇主之间关系的固有认知 —— 所有这些都正受到挑战。
- 翻译要点解析：
- 术语与数字精准化：
- “earn their living by making things” 译为 “依靠制造业谋生”（而非 “靠做东西谋生”），“making things” 在此处特指 “制造业生产”，符合 “服务经济取代工业经济” 的语境；
- “two thirds or more” 译为 “三分之二或更高”，保留分数表述的准确性；“the number is on the rise” 译为 “这一数字仍在持续上升”，补充 “持续” 强化趋势感，符合经济类文本对 “趋势描述” 的要求。
- 复杂句式逻辑拆分：
- 36 句包含 “定语从句（who earn...）” 和 “括号补充说明”，译为中文时拆分为两个短句，括号内容转化为 “其中许多国家这一比例达...”，避免长句晦涩；
- 37 句 “because” 引导的原因状语从句译为 “因为它还催生了...”，“it” 明确指代 “经济变革”，避免指代模糊；破折号后的 “all these” 译为 “所有这些”，概括前文提及的 “固有认知”，符合中文 “总括性指代” 的表达习惯。
- 学术语境强化：
- “the breadth of the economic transformation” 译为 “经济变革的广度”（比 “经济变化的范围” 更具学术性）；
- “radical new way of thinking” 译为 “全新思考方式”（“radical” 在此处表 “彻底的”，通过 “全新” 体现，避免 “激进的” 这一不当联想）；
- “Long-held notions” 译为 “固有认知”（比 “长期以来的想法” 更正式，符合博士英语翻译的学术性要求）。
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the topic related to the following excerpts. You should clearly state your argument, support your view with one or two reasons, and draw a natural conclusion.
Excerpts: Last month, the Ministry of Education asked all schools to get their students to take part in an online "Blessing the Motherland" program during Spring Festival. But some netizens questioned, even criticized, the proposal. Economic globalization has brought about cultural diversity in China. As a result, many young people prefer to celebrate Christmas, Valentine's Day and other Western festivals to traditional Chinese festivals such as Dragon Boat Festival. It is important to teach the importance of Chinese culture to such people if we don't want the traditional festivals to become history.
Topic：Do you think the programs that promote traditional Chinese culture and values among the younger generation deserve your support or not?
Supporting Traditional Culture Promotion: A Necessity for Youth and Nation
Against the backdrop of economic globalization, Western festivals and values have gained popularity among Chinese youth, while traditional festivals like Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are gradually losing their appeal. In this context, programs promoting traditional Chinese culture—such as the "Blessing the Motherland" campaign—are not only worthy of support but also essential for preserving cultural identity and nurturing responsible citizens.
Firstly, these programs help young people reconnect with their cultural roots, which is a cornerstone of individual identity formation. Traditional culture, embodied in festivals, rituals, and values, carries the collective memory of a nation. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is not merely about eating zongzi; it commemorates Qu Yuan's patriotism and the spirit of perseverance. When schools organize activities like dragon boat races or calligraphy competitions during festivals, youth gain a deeper understanding of these cultural connotations, rather than viewing traditions as outdated rituals. Without such guidance, young people may only perceive culture as superficial symbols (e.g., exchanging Christmas gifts) and lose touch with the values that have shaped Chinese society for millennia.
Secondly, promoting traditional culture among youth is crucial for safeguarding national cultural sovereignty amid globalization. Cultural diversity should not mean the erosion of local traditions; instead, it requires a balanced dialogue between local and foreign cultures. Programs like "Blessing the Motherland" provide a platform for youth to appreciate the uniqueness of Chinese culture—such as the harmony between humans and nature in the 24 Solar Terms, or the filial piety emphasized during Spring Festival. This cultural confidence enables them to engage with Western culture critically, avoiding blind imitation. For instance, while celebrating Valentine's Day, they can also recognize the significance of Qixi Festival (the Chinese Valentine's Day), fostering a sense of cultural pride rather than cultural inferiority.
In conclusion, programs promoting traditional Chinese culture among the younger generation are far from unnecessary formalities. They serve as a bridge between youth and their cultural heritage, nurturing both individual identity and national cultural confidence. In an era of global cultural exchange, supporting such programs is not only a defense of tradition but also an investment in the future of Chinese culture.
- 论点明确且立意深刻：开篇结合 “全球化背景下传统文化边缘化” 的现实，明确 “支持传统文化推广项目” 的核心论点，并上升到 “文化认同与国家文化主权” 的高度，避免浅层次讨论 “是否需要过节”，体现博士研究生的宏观视野。
- 论据专业且贴合教育场景：
- 第一个论据以 “端午节纪念屈原” 为例，区分 “文化符号（粽子）” 与 “文化内涵（爱国主义）”，结合南京师范大学 “教育学、文化研究” 的学科特色，强调 “学校教育在文化传承中的作用”；
- 第二个论据引入 “文化主权”“文化自信” 等学术概念，对比 “西方节日与中国传统节日”，避免论据空洞，体现对文化全球化的深度思考。
- 结构严谨且逻辑连贯：采用 “总（论点）- 分（两个论据 + 案例）- 总（结论升华）” 框架，每个分论点均包含 “观点 + 案例 + 分析”，如 “七夕节与情人节的对比”，强化 “批判性吸收外来文化” 的逻辑，结论部分将 “个人认同” 与 “国家未来” 结合，提升文章立意。
- 语言正式且学术化：使用 “cultural identity”“cultural sovereignty”“collective memory” 等学术词汇，避免口语化表达；句式上采用 “Against the backdrop of...”“While...”“Without...” 等复杂结构，符合考博英语写作对 “语言复杂度与正式性” 的要求。
南京师范大学《英语》考博真题（含历年试题及高分答案详解）是备考的核心资料，能帮助考生精准把握命题重点（如学术阅读、文化类翻译、议论文写作）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
- 考博信息网官网：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
- 南京师范大学历年考博真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_601216.html
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英语备考：
- 阅读：聚焦 “科技（如基因工程）、文化（如传统文化与全球化）、教育” 等与南京师范大学优势学科相关的话题，训练 “定位学术观点→分析论据支撑→判断选项正误” 的能力，关注 “but, however” 等转折词后的核心结论，避免被细节干扰；
- 词汇：重点积累 “学术高频词汇”（如 transformation, sovereignty, connotation）、“正式语境短语”（如 in accordance with, give rise to），结合真题语境记忆，避免孤立背词；
- 写作：针对 “文化、教育、社会” 类话题，构建 “现实背景→论点→案例 + 分析→结论升华” 的高分框架，案例选择可结合中国传统文化、教育政策等，体现 “本土化与学术性” 的结合（如本文 “端午节、七夕节” 案例）。
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专业课备考：
- 结合南京师范大学 “教育学、心理学、地理学” 等优势学科，重点掌握核心理论（如教育心理学中的 “文化认同理论”、地理学中的 “文化地理学”），关注 “理论 + 现实案例” 的结合（如用 “文化认同理论” 分析传统文化推广项目的教育价值）；
- 通过真题练习，总结专业课论述题的答题框架（如 “理论定义→现实问题→解决方案→案例佐证”），提升学术表达的条理性与深度，符合博士研究生对 “理论应用与创新” 的专业要求。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博应试能力，助力顺利上岸南京师范大学博士研究生。
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