- All the slaves in USA were ______ after the civil war.
[A] arrested [B] abandoned [C] manumitted [D] magnified
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“manumit” 为学术类核心词汇，意为 “解放（奴隶）”，专指通过法律或正式程序释放奴隶，完美契合题干 “美国内战后奴隶获得自由” 的历史语境，是本题的精准对应项。
- 干扰项排除
- A “arrested”（逮捕）与 “奴隶获得自由” 的语义完全相反；
- B “abandoned”（抛弃）强调 “被遗弃”，未体现 “合法解放” 的核心语义；
- D “magnified”（放大）语义与 “奴隶身份变化” 无关，搭配语境均不匹配。
- 学术扩展：“manumit” 是考博英语高频历史类学术词汇，常见于美国历史、奴隶制研究等主题文本，需重点记忆其语义与使用场景，类似同义词汇还包括 “emancipate”（解放），但 “manumit” 更侧重 “奴隶解放” 的特定语境，适配学术写作中 “历史事件与社会变革” 的论证场景。
Tolerance and trust. Although Americans are more tolerant of one another than were previous generations, they trust one another less. Survey data provide one measure of the growth of dishonesty and distrust, but there are other indicators. For example, employment opportunities for police, lawyers, and security personnel were stagnant for most of this century - indeed, America had fewer lawyers per capita in 1970 than in 1900. In the last quarter century these occupations boomed, as people have increasingly turned to the courts and the police.
- According to the text, which one of the following statement is true?
[A] Americans are now tending to taking part in non-political activities rather than political activities.
[B] Current complaints in democracies mainly focus on the integrity of government and politicians.
[C] Americans are more tolerant of one another than before while they trust each other less.
[D] There is no proof that suburban sprawl has anything to do with people's involvement in groups.
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确表述：“Although Americans are more tolerant of one another than were previous generations, they trust one another less”，选项 C 是对该句的精准复刻，语义完全一致，无任何偏差。
- 干扰项排除
- A “美国人更倾向参与非政治活动而非政治活动” 原文未提及，无中生有；
- B “民主国家当前抱怨主要聚焦政府与政客的诚信” 原文未涉及 “抱怨焦点” 相关表述，属于过度解读；
- D “无证据表明郊区扩张与人参与群体活动有关” 与原文 “Suburban sprawl is a very significant contributor”（郊区扩张是重要影响因素）矛盾。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “细节判断题” 需精准匹配题干与原文的语义表述，本题中 “although” 引导的转折关系是核心考点，需重点关注 “对比类” 语句（如 more...than...、while 等），避免被无关信息干扰。
- Those who start their careers on the dole are more likely to have lower wages and more spells of joblessness later in life, because they lose out on the chance to acquire skills and self-confidence in their formative years.
那些靠失业救济金开启职业生涯的人，日后更可能薪资较低且经历更多次失业，因为他们在人格塑造的关键时期错失了获取技能与自信心的机会。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 定语从句处理：“Those who start their careers on the dole” 译为 “那些靠失业救济金开启职业生涯的人”，拆分定语从句为中文短句，避免冗长；
- 核心短语翻译：“on the dole” 译为 “靠失业救济金”（英式英语固定表达），“more spells of joblessness” 译为 “经历更多次失业”（“spell” 此处指 “一段时期的经历”，精准传递 “多次失业” 的语义），“formative years” 译为 “人格塑造的关键时期”（比 “成长时期” 更贴合 “技能与自信心培养” 的语境）；
- 因果逻辑强化：“because” 译为 “因为”，明确因果关系，使译文逻辑清晰。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 语义传递：“lose out on the chance” 译为 “错失机会”，比 “失去机会” 更具情感浓度，体现 “关键时期机会流失” 的遗憾；
- 学术规范：“acquire skills and self-confidence” 译为 “获取技能与自信心”，符合社会类学术文本的表达习惯，术语精准。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “青年失业问题” 的学术文本调性；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “formative years”“more spells of joblessness” 等核心细节，语义传递全面无偏差。
Directions: Write a 300-word composition about your view on Chinese Dream. Your composition should include 3 paragraphs: 1. State your main idea; 2. Support your main idea with specific examples and reasoning; 3. Bring to a natural conclusion.
My View on Chinese Dream
The Chinese Dream, proposed by President Xi Jinping, is a profound concept that integrates national rejuvenation, people’s well-being, and individual development. From my perspective, the Chinese Dream is not only a grand national goal but also a concrete guide for every Chinese citizen, embodying the shared aspiration of the nation to pursue progress and create a better life. It emphasizes the unity of national strength and individual efforts, making it a powerful driving force for China’s development.
The Chinese Dream is rooted in historical inheritance and realistic practice. Historically, China has a glorious civilization spanning thousands of years, but it also experienced hardships in modern times. The Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation reflects the nation’s desire to regain its historical glory and stand firmly among the world’s nations. In reality, this dream has been vividly practiced in various fields. For example, in science and technology, Chinese scientists have made remarkable achievements such as the successful launch of the Shenzhou series spacecraft, the development of 5G technology, and the breakthrough in high-speed rail technology, which have enhanced national strength and improved people’s lives. In poverty alleviation, China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, realizing the basic goal of people’s well-being, which is an important part of the Chinese Dream. For individuals, the Chinese Dream provides opportunities for personal growth. Many young people have pursued their dreams in entrepreneurship, education, and public service, contributing their efforts to national development while realizing their own values.
In conclusion, the Chinese Dream is a great vision that connects the past, present, and future. It requires the joint efforts of the whole nation. As individuals, we should integrate our personal dreams with the national dream, strive for self-improvement, and make contributions in our respective fields. With the joint efforts of all Chinese people, the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation will surely be realized, and China will create a more brilliant future.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确核心观点 —— 中国梦是国家复兴、人民幸福与个人发展的统一，是国家目标与个人行动的指引；
- 主体段：从 “历史传承与现实实践” 两个维度论证，结合科技成就、脱贫攻坚等国家层面实例，以及个人追梦的微观视角，增强说服力；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调个人与国家的紧密联系，呼吁共同努力实现中国梦，呼应开头。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “profound concept”“integrates”“national rejuvenation”“remarkable achievements”“joint efforts” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Historically”“In reality”“For example”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “观点 - 论证 - 总结” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which have enhanced national strength”）、状语从句（“while realizing their own values”）、被动语态（“has been vividly practiced”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不局限于国家层面，兼顾个人与国家的联动，体现 “家国同梦” 的核心内涵，符合博士研究生的视野与格局。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 300 词左右，论证兼顾宏观与微观，无冗余表述。
- 积累历史、社会、科技类高频学术词汇（如 manumit、rejuvenation、formative years），重点记忆其语义与使用场景；
- 强化 “形近词、近义词” 辨析，结合真题语境深化理解，避免语义混淆；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “固定搭配 + 语义精准性” 考点。
- 细节判断题需逐句匹配题干与原文语义，关注 “转折、对比、因果” 等逻辑信号词；
- 针对社会、历史、科技类主题文章进行专项训练，熟悉相关学术术语与表达逻辑；
- 提升 “快速定位关键词” 的能力，减少无效阅读时间。
- 社会类文本翻译需确保 “失业救济金”“脱贫攻坚” 等术语精准，符合中文表达习惯；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分定语从句、状语从句，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 积累 “社会发展、个人成长” 类主题词汇，提升不同语境下的语言转换能力。
- 主题写作需结合国家发展与个人实践，体现 “宏观 + 微观” 的双重视角；
- 论据需选取典型实例（如科技成就、脱贫攻坚），增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，关联 “个人价值与国家梦想”，体现学术视野与社会责任感。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国传媒大学博士研究生。
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