It's easy to tell people to make exercise part of their daily routine. It's not so easy to tell them what to do... if you would rather care for your body without risking life or limb or increasingly creaky joints, you might consider Tai Chi Chuan... Tai Chi combines intense mental focus with deliberate, graceful movements that improve strength, agility and -particularly important for the elderly--balance.
Practitioners praise Tai Chi's spiritual and psychological benefits, but what has attracted the attention of Western scientists lately is what Tai Chi does for the body... Scientists at the Oregon Research Institute... reported that Tai Chi offers the greatest benefit to older men and women who are healthy but relatively inactive... Any form of exercise, of course, can do only so much... But Tai Chi plus walking would be a very good mixture. Younger people probably need more of an aerobic challenge, but they can benefit from Tai Chi's capacity to reduce stress.
The best thing about Tai Chi is that people enjoy it, so they are more likely to stick with it long enough to get some benefit. It helps something that's good for you is also fun.
- The author's main purpose of writing this article is
[A] to challenge the idea that Tai Chi is the best exercise
[B] to introduce Tai Chi to North Americans as a good exercise
[C] to invite people to take part in a training course on Tai Chi
[D] to differentiate Tai Chi from other physical exercises
- 主旨定位与逻辑推导
原文开篇提出 “推荐运动方式的难题”，随后引出太极拳，详细介绍其 “动作特点（优雅舒缓）、身心益处（增强力量、平衡、减压）、适用人群（老年人、年轻人）”，并提及西方科学家的研究结论与欧美地区的课程普及情况。核心目的是向北美读者（文中 “U.S. and around the world”“Western scientists” 暗示核心受众）介绍太极拳这一优质运动，选项 B 精准匹配主旨。
- 干扰项排除
- A “质疑太极拳是最佳运动” 与原文 “praise Tai Chi's benefits”“good exercise” 矛盾，原文无质疑表述；
- C “邀请参加太极拳培训课程” 原文仅提及 “有很多课程可选”，无直接邀请意图，属于过度解读；
- D “区分太极拳与其他运动” 原文未重点对比，仅在结尾提及 “与散步结合”“年轻人需有氧运动”，非核心目的。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “主旨类” 题目需关注 “引入 - 介绍 - 总结” 的行文逻辑，本题中 “提出问题（推荐运动难）→ 给出方案（太极拳）→ 阐述优势（多人群适配、易坚持）” 是典型的 “说明类文本结构”，需重点关注作者对核心事物的 “介绍性表述”，避免被局部细节误导。
Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that one of the man's greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now "growth" industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.
The growing population makes increasing demands on the world's fixed supply of air, water and land. This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.
污染之所以成为问题，是因为在人口日益密集、工业化程度不断提高的世界里，人类正在破坏自己赖以生存的环境。许多科学家认为，人类最大的错误之一是将 “增长” 等同于 “进步”。如今，人们对 “增长型” 产业持怀疑态度，担心其副作用会破坏环境，并扰乱不同生命形式之间的关系。
不断增长的人口对全球有限的空气、水和土地资源提出了越来越高的需求。人口增长的同时，越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。因此，对电力、水和商品的需求进一步增加，导致需要处理的废弃物数量也在持续攀升。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 原因状语处理：“because man... is upsetting the environment” 译为 “是因为…… 人类正在破坏…… 环境”，拆分长句使语义清晰，符合中文表达习惯；
- 被动语态转换：“are being looked on with suspicion” 译为 “持怀疑态度”，“to be disposed of” 译为 “需要处理”，将英文被动语态转化为中文主动表达，更自然流畅；
- 逻辑衔接：“Thus” 译为 “因此”，明确因果递进关系，“accompanied by” 译为 “同时”，体现并列逻辑。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“increasingly populated and industrialized world” 译为 “人口日益密集、工业化程度不断提高的世界”，“fixed supply” 译为 “有限的资源”，“growth industries” 译为 “增长型产业”，“disrupt the relationship” 译为 “扰乱关系”，均符合环境类学术文本规范；
- 语义强化：“ever increasing amount” 译为 “持续攀升”，比 “不断增加” 更具动态感，体现废弃物增长的趋势。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “环境问题” 的学术讨论语境，避免口语化表达；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “fixed supply”“side effects”“better standard of living” 等核心细节，语义传递全面无偏差。
Directions: Write an essay of about 250 words on the topic "Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. But others think that it takes away some of our freedom. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer." You should write in three parts: 1. State what you think is more important; 2. Support your view with one or two reasons; 3. Bring to a natural conclusion.
Public Health Should Take Priority Over Smoking Freedom in Public Places
The debate over whether governments should ban smoking in all public places has aroused widespread concern. Some argue that such bans infringe on personal freedom, while others emphasize the protection of public health. From my perspective, public health is more important than individual smoking freedom in public spaces, as the ban is a necessary measure to safeguard the interests of the majority.
Firstly, secondhand smoke poses a serious threat to public health. Scientific research has proven that secondhand smoke contains hundreds of harmful substances, including nicotine and carcinogens, which can cause respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even cancer in non-smokers. For vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly, the harm is particularly severe. Banning smoking in public places effectively reduces non-smokers' exposure to secondhand smoke, ensuring their right to breathe clean air. For example, many countries that have implemented comprehensive public smoking bans have seen a significant decline in hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses, which fully demonstrates the positive impact of such policies.
Secondly, the ban does not completely deprive smokers of their freedom but regulates it reasonably. Smokers can still enjoy smoking in private spaces such as their homes or designated smoking areas, which balances individual needs with public interests. Moreover, the ban can also encourage some smokers to reduce or quit smoking, improving their own health. This not only benefits smokers personally but also reduces the social and economic burden caused by smoking-related diseases, such as medical expenses and lost labor productivity.
In conclusion, the ban on smoking in all public places is a reasonable and necessary policy that prioritizes public health while respecting individual freedom to a certain extent. It protects non-smokers from harm, promotes public health, and brings long-term benefits to society. Governments should continue to enforce such bans, and the public should actively cooperate to create a healthier and more harmonious public environment.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确立场 —— 公共健康比公共场合吸烟自由更重要，禁烟令是保障多数人利益的必要举措；
- 主体段：从 “二手烟危害公众健康”“合理规范自由而非剥夺” 两个维度论证，结合 “禁烟后呼吸系统疾病住院率下降” 等实例，增强说服力；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调禁烟令的合理性与长远价值，呼吁政府执行与公众配合。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “infringe on”“respiratory diseases”“carcinogens”“vulnerable groups”“productivity” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly”“For example”“Moreover”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “观点 - 论证 - 总结” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which can cause respiratory diseases”）、状语从句（“while respecting individual freedom”）、被动语态（“have been implemented”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不否定个人自由，而是强调 “公共空间中自由的边界”，体现博士研究生的辩证思维与社会责任感。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 260 词左右，严格遵循 “三段式” 结构，论证兼顾科学依据与实例，无冗余表述。
- 说明类文章需把握 “引入 - 介绍 - 总结” 的行文逻辑，重点关注作者对核心事物的属性、优势、适用场景的表述；
- 细节题采用 “关键词定位法”，精准捕捉原文的因果、递进等逻辑关系；
- 针对环境、健康、科技类主题文章进行专项训练，熟悉相关学术术语与表达逻辑。
- 环境、健康类文本翻译需确保 “二手烟”“致癌物”“呼吸系统疾病” 等术语精准，符合学术规范；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分定语从句、状语从句，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 积累 “环境治理、公共健康” 类主题词汇，提升不同语境下的语言转换能力。
- 思辨类写作需明确 “核心优先级”，避免片面否定某一方，如本题中 “不否定自由，强调公共健康优先”；
- 论据需结合科学依据（如研究结论）与实例（如禁烟政策效果），增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，关联 “社会和谐、长远利益” 等深层价值，体现学术视野与格局。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国地质大学（武汉）博士研究生。
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