- ______ police, Miller was arrested at the scene of the robbery.
[A] With regard to [B] In terms of [C] On account of [D] According to
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“According to” 意为 “根据、据…… 所说”，侧重 “引用信息的来源”，句意为 “据警方称，米勒在抢劫现场被逮捕”，完美契合 “引用警方信息说明逮捕事实” 的语境，语义精准且符合新闻类表达习惯。
- 干扰项排除
- A “With regard to”（关于）仅用于引出话题，无法体现 “信息来源”，如 “With regard to the case, police are investigating”；
- B “In terms of”（就…… 而言）用于从某一维度展开论述，如 “In terms of evidence, police found a weapon”；
- C “On account of”（由于）表因果关系，如 “He was arrested on account of his involvement in the robbery”，与题干 “引用警方信息” 的逻辑不符。
- 学术扩展：“According to” 是考博英语高频学术与实用场景词汇，常用于引用文献、数据、权威机构表述等学术语境，需重点区分其与 “due to”“with respect to” 等近义词的语义边界，避免语境误用。
Take China for example. Embracing globalization means a greater commitment to regional security in East Asia. The impact of globalization has on the whole served to enhance rather than to weaken security in East Asia... As the rising power of East Asia, China may be said to have benefited in the post Cold War period from both American primacy and from the effects of globalization. The former provided the peaceful international environment and the international public goods that have enabled the Chinese to focus on an export-led strategy of rapid economic development and the latter has facilitated China's integration into the regional and international economies.
- In what way has China benefited from globalization?
[A] Globalization makes it possible that the human rights of the Chinese are respected.
[B] Because of increasing world trade the Chinese are getting richer than ever before.
[C] Globalization has guaranteed China a secure environment for its economic development.
[D] Globalization has on the whole provided conditions for the security of East Asia.
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出：全球化的影响 “总体上增强了东亚地区的安全”，且美国主导地位提供了 “和平的国际环境”，全球化推动中国融入区域和国际经济，二者共同支撑中国 “以出口为导向的快速经济发展战略”。选项 C 是对 “全球化通过增强区域安全、促进经济融入，为中国经济发展提供安全环境” 的精准概括，语义与原文一致。
- 干扰项排除
- A “人权得到尊重” 原文未提及，属于无中生有；
- B “中国人比以往更富有” 原文仅强调 “快速经济发展战略”，未直接表述 “更富有”，语义过度延伸；
- D “为东亚安全提供条件” 是全球化对东亚的整体影响，并非中国的直接受益，答非所问。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “细节题” 需精准区分 “整体影响与个体受益”“直接表述与间接推导”，本题中需聚焦 “China benefited” 的核心，避免被区域层面的影响干扰，同时关注 “export-led strategy”“integration into the regional and international economies” 等学术表达的理解。
- 建设高质量的农村教师队伍，是全面推进素质教育、提高教学质量的根本保 证，是决定基础教育改革发展的关键因素，是实施科教兴国战略、人才强国 的重大举措。
Building a high-quality rural teacher workforce is the fundamental guarantee for comprehensively promoting quality-oriented education and improving teaching quality, a key factor determining the reform and development of basic education, and a major measure for implementing the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education and strengthening the nation through talent.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 核心结构处理：将中文三个 “是” 的并列结构译为英文 “is the fundamental guarantee..., a key factor..., and a major measure...”，保持句式对称，符合英文表达习惯；
- 术语精准：“农村教师队伍” 译为 “rural teacher workforce”（学术固定表达），“素质教育” 译为 “quality-oriented education”，“基础教育” 译为 “basic education”，“科教兴国战略” 译为 “the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education”，“人才强国” 译为 “strengthening the nation through talent”，均符合教育类学术文本规范；
- 逻辑强化：“全面推进” 译为 “comprehensively promoting”，“决定” 译为 “determining”，“实施” 译为 “implementing”，动词选择精准传递动作内涵。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “根本保证”“关键因素”“重大举措” 等核心定语，通过 “fundamental”“key”“major” 体现语义层级；
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “教育政策” 类文本的严肃性，避免口语化表达。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语法严谨：单数谓语 “is” 统摄三个并列表语，保持主谓一致；
- 语义传递：准确体现 “建设农村教师队伍” 与后续各项成果的逻辑关系，符合学术文本的严谨性要求。
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 300 words on the topic "Public Bicycles Should Be Controlled". You should summarize the conveniences public bicycles provide, point out the problems, and give suggestions for the government. Support your essay with specific examples and details.
Public Bicycles Should Be Controlled: Balancing Convenience and Order
In recent years, app-based dockless public bicycles have become an indispensable part of urban transportation in China, bringing unprecedented convenience to citizens. However, the unregulated proliferation of public bicycles has also triggered a series of social and environmental problems. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to implement effective control measures to balance their convenience and urban order.
Public bicycles offer remarkable advantages to urban life. Firstly, they provide a flexible and affordable transportation option for short-distance trips, bridging the gap between subway stations, bus stops and destinations. For example, office workers can ride public bicycles to commute, avoiding traffic jams and reducing travel costs. Secondly, as a green mode of transportation, public bicycles help reduce carbon emissions and alleviate air pollution, contributing to environmental protection. Additionally, they promote physical exercise, helping citizens improve their health in daily life. These conveniences have made public bicycles popular among people of all ages.
Nevertheless, the uncontrolled development of public bicycles has brought severe challenges. Firstly, random parking has become a prominent problem. Many users abandon bicycles on sidewalks, crossroads and green belts, occupying public space and hindering pedestrian and vehicle traffic. For instance, some residential areas and commercial districts are surrounded by piles of discarded bicycles, affecting urban appearance and public safety. Secondly, the over-supply of bicycles leads to resource waste. Many bicycle-sharing companies compete blindly by increasing the number of bicycles, resulting in a large number of idle bicycles that are difficult to recycle. Thirdly, the lack of effective management leads to safety hazards. Some bicycles are poorly maintained, with broken brakes or loose pedals, threatening the safety of riders.
To address these problems, the government should take targeted control measures. Firstly, formulate and implement parking regulations. Designate special parking areas and install electronic fences to restrict random parking; impose fines on users who violate parking rules to deter inappropriate behavior. Secondly, regulate the supply of public bicycles. Conduct surveys on urban transportation needs to determine a reasonable number of bicycles, and restrict new companies from entering the market to avoid over-supply. Thirdly, strengthen supervision over bicycle maintenance. Establish a regular inspection mechanism to require companies to repair or replace damaged bicycles in a timely manner. Finally, promote the integration of public bicycle systems with urban transportation planning, ensuring that they complement subways, buses and other transportation modes.
In conclusion, public bicycles have brought great convenience to urban life, but their uncontrolled development has caused various problems. The government's effective control is not to eliminate public bicycles, but to standardize their operation and development. By implementing scientific management measures, we can maximize the benefits of public bicycles while minimizing their negative impacts, creating a more orderly and convenient urban transportation environment.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确立场 —— 共享单车带来便利但需政府管控，平衡便利与城市秩序；
- 主体段：先阐述共享单车的核心优势（灵活廉价、绿色环保、促进健康），结合通勤实例；再分析失控带来的问题（乱停乱放、资源浪费、安全隐患），用居民区、商业区场景增强说服力；最后提出政府管控措施（规范停车、调控供给、强化维保、规划整合），逻辑清晰；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调管控的目的是 “规范发展” 而非 “取消”，呼应开头核心观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “indispensable”“proliferation”“triggered”“alleviate”“deter”“supervision”“integration” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Additionally”“Nevertheless”“To address these problems”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“that are difficult to recycle”）、状语从句（“while minimizing their negative impacts”）、分词结构（“avoiding traffic jams”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不片面否定共享单车，而是强调 “政府管控 + 科学管理”，体现博士研究生的辩证思维与城市治理视野。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 320 词左右，论证兼顾优势、问题与解决方案，实例具体，无冗余表述。
- 积累新闻、学术、政策类高频词汇（如 According to、proliferation、supervision），重点记忆其语义与场景适配性；
- 强化 “介词短语辨析”，结合真题语境区分 “引用来源、因果关系、话题引出” 等逻辑，避免用词偏差；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “介词短语 + 学术名词” 固定搭配。
- 社会热点类文章需关注 “现象 - 优势 - 问题 - 解决方案” 的逻辑链，精准捕捉核心细节；
- 针对全球化、城市交通、教育等主题文章进行专项训练，熟悉相关学术术语与表达逻辑；
- 提升 “题干定位 + 选项排除” 能力，区分 “整体影响与个体受益”“直接表述与过度延伸”。
- 教育、政策类翻译需确保 “素质教育”“科教兴国” 等术语精准，符合学术规范；
- 处理中文长句时，合理拆分并列结构，使用英文从句、分词结构优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 积累 “社会发展、城市治理” 类主题词汇，提升不同语境下的语言转换能力。
- 社会热点类写作需遵循 “便利 - 问题 - 建议” 的结构，避免片面表述；
- 论据需结合城市生活实例（如通勤、居民区乱停乱放），增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，关联 “城市秩序、可持续发展” 等深层价值，体现学术视野与社会责任感。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国林业科学研究院博士研究生。
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