They tend to use their brain in a manner that emphasizes the parts of the brain that ordinate separate pieces of information rather than the parts that integrate those pieces. For example, when looking at a person speaking, the autistic person's brain might be more active in the areas that process individual features like the mouth moving, rather than the areas that put those features together to understand the whole expression. Their focus is on the physical details, not the social meaning—"a mouth that moves," not "a person trying to communicate."
- According to Marcel Just, autistic people tend to do all the following EXCEPT ______
[A] They memorize phrase structures in an abnormal part of the brain.
[B] They tend to use the brain in areas that process separate pieces.
[C] They often look at the mouth instead of the eyes of someone who is speaking.
[D] Their focus is on the expression of communicators.
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出自闭症患者的核心认知特征：“侧重处理独立信息片段的大脑区域，而非整合这些片段的区域”“关注物理细节而非社交意义”“聚焦‘动着的嘴’而非‘试图交流的人’”。选项 D “关注交流者的表情” 与 “不关注社交意义” 的核心表述直接矛盾，属于不符合原文的表述，故为正确答案。
- 干扰项排除
- A “在大脑异常区域记忆短语结构” 虽未直接提及，但原文强调其 “大脑使用方式与常人不同”，且聚焦独立信息处理，可合理对应 “异常区域” 的隐含逻辑；
- B “倾向使用处理独立片段的大脑区域” 与原文 “emphasizes the parts of the brain that ordinate separate pieces of information” 完全一致；
- C “说话时经常看嘴而非眼睛” 是原文 “关注物理细节（嘴部动作）” 的合理延伸，符合其认知特征。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “细节排除题” 需关注 “原文核心特征与选项的反向匹配”，本题中 “社交意义 / 表情” 与自闭症患者 “物理细节聚焦” 的核心特征形成鲜明对立，这类 “核心特征反向干扰” 是学术文本高频命题逻辑，需精准捕捉文本核心定义。
- In the early 1980s some members of the British Labour Party ______ to form the Social Democratic Party.
[A] broke away [B] broke out [C] broke down [D] broke through
- 短语辨析与语境适配
“broke away” 意为 “脱离、分裂”，侧重 “从原有组织中分离并成立新组织”，句意为 “20 世纪 80 年代初，英国工党的部分成员脱离该党，成立了社会民主党”，精准契合 “政党成员分裂建党” 的语境逻辑。
- 干扰项排除
- B “broke out” 意为 “爆发”，多用于描述战争、疾病、火灾等突发情况，如 “war broke out”，与 “政党成员分裂” 语义无关；
- C “broke down” 意为 “崩溃、出故障”，可指机器故障、身体垮掉或谈判破裂，如 “the car broke down”，无法与 “成立新党” 搭配；
- D “broke through” 意为 “突破、突围”，侧重克服困难或突破障碍，如 “break through the enemy lines”，与语境不符。
- 学术扩展：“break” 相关短语是考博英语高频考点，需重点区分 “组织分裂（break away）”“突发爆发（break out）”“功能崩溃（break down）”“突破进展（break through）” 的语义边界，这类短语在学术文本中常用于描述 “组织变革、社会事件、技术突破” 等主题。
- 天津历来被视为重要经济城市；而北京除作为政治中心外，还被鼓励加强它在中国文化中心的吸引力。
Tianjin has long been regarded as a major economic city; while in addition to serving as a political center, Beijing is also encouraged to enhance its appeal as China's cultural hub.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 并列结构处理：分号连接两个分句，保持中文并列逻辑，“而” 译为 “while”，体现对比关系，符合英文表达习惯；
- 功能表述精准：“被视为” 译为 “has long been regarded as”，“long” 强化 “历来” 的时间维度；“作为政治中心” 译为 “serving as a political center”，“serving” 体现主动承担功能的语义；“加强吸引力” 译为 “enhance its appeal”，“appeal” 比 “attraction” 更贴合 “城市文化吸引力” 的学术表达。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“重要经济城市” 译为 “a major economic city”（“major” 比 “important” 更突出城市地位），“文化中心” 译为 “cultural hub”（“hub” 强调 “核心枢纽”，比 “center” 更具动态与辐射感）；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “除…… 外”（in addition to）、“鼓励”（is encouraged to）等核心语义，被动语态 “is encouraged” 符合英文 “城市发展政策” 的表述习惯。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “城市功能定位” 的学术与政策语境，避免口语化表达；
- 语法严谨：主谓一致（Tianjin 作主语，谓语用 has been regarded），逻辑连接自然，英文句式流畅无冗余。
Directions: Write an essay with at least 300 words on the topic "The Education and Care of Children from Single-Parent Families". Give your own point of view and develop it with sufficient supporting points.
The Education and Care of Children from Single-Parent Families
With the increasing divorce rate, the number of children from single-parent families has been on the rise, triggering widespread social concern about their education and care. Unlike children in two-parent families, these children often face unique challenges such as emotional deficiency, economic pressure, and lack of role models. However, with scientific education, social support, and emotional care, they can also grow up healthily and develop sound personalities.
Firstly, emotional care is the foundation of educating children from single-parent families. Single parents should prioritize emotional communication, creating a warm and trusting family atmosphere. For example, setting aside regular time to listen to their children’s thoughts and feelings can help alleviate their sense of loss and insecurity. Meanwhile, parents should avoid speaking negatively about the other parent, as this may cause psychological conflicts in children. Professional psychological counseling services should also be made accessible, helping children cope with emotional trauma and build resilience.
Secondly, balanced education plays a crucial role in their growth. Single parents need to assume both parental roles, fostering children’s sense of responsibility and independence. For instance, involving children in appropriate household chores can cultivate their sense of duty, while encouraging them to participate in group activities at school helps develop their social skills. Additionally, schools should provide personalized attention, such as organizing peer support groups and training teachers to better understand the needs of these children, ensuring they are not marginalized.
Thirdly, social support is an indispensable supplement. The government, communities, and non-profit organizations should work together to create a supportive environment. For example, the government can introduce policies to ease the economic burden of single parents, such as subsidies for education and medical care. Communities can organize parent-child activities and skill-training courses for single parents. Volunteers can also provide tutoring and companionship, filling the gap of missing care.
In conclusion, the education and care of children from single-parent families require the joint efforts of families, schools, and society. By prioritizing emotional care, implementing balanced education, and strengthening social support, we can help these children overcome challenges, build self-confidence, and grow into responsible and caring individuals. It is not the family structure but the quality of care and education that determines a child’s future.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明社会背景（离婚率上升导致单亲家庭儿童增多），指出其面临的独特挑战，提出核心观点 —— 通过家庭、学校、社会的共同努力，这类儿童可健康成长；
- 主体段：从 “情感关怀”“均衡教育”“社会支持” 三个维度展开，每个维度结合具体实例（如亲子沟通、家务参与、政府补贴），论证充分且具体；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调 “关怀与教育质量” 比 “家庭结构” 更重要，呼应开头核心观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “triggering widespread social concern”“emotional deficiency”“psychological trauma”“resilience”“indispensable supplement” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly”“Meanwhile”“Additionally”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“who face unique challenges”）、状语从句（“as this may cause psychological conflicts”）、被动语态（“should be made accessible”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不局限于 “问题描述”，而是提出 “家庭 - 学校 - 社会” 三维解决方案，体现博士研究生的系统思维与社会关怀。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 320 词左右，论证兼顾理论与实例，无冗余表述，完全契合题目要求。
重庆工商大学《英语》考博真题（含历年试题及高分答案详解）是备考的核心资料，能帮助考生精准把握命题重点（如社科类阅读、学术短语、社会热点写作）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
考博信息网官网：
http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
重庆工商大学
历年考博真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2716901.html
- 社科类、心理类文章需关注 “核心概念定义 + 特征描述”，精准捕捉文本对特定群体（如自闭症患者）的本质界定；
- 针对 “细节排除题”，重点训练 “选项与原文核心特征的反向验证” 能力，避免被字面表述误导；
- 积累 “认知科学、社会政策、教育” 等主题的学术术语，提升文本理解效率。
- 重点积累 “break”“take”“put” 等高频动词的短语搭配，区分其在 “组织、社会事件、个人行为” 等不同语境的语义；
- 强化 “短语 + 语境” 的绑定记忆，避免孤立记忆短语含义，结合真题例句理解其用法；
- 建立短语错题本，重点突破 “语义相近短语” 的辨析（如 break away/break out/break down）。
- 城市功能、社会政策类翻译需确保 “政治中心”“文化枢纽” 等术语精准，积累相关主题词汇；
- 处理中文并列句时，合理使用分号、while 等连接词，优化英文句式结构，避免直译导致的生硬感；
- 关注被动语态的合理使用，符合英文 “政策、城市定位” 类文本的表达习惯。
- 社会热点类写作需遵循 “背景 - 问题 - 解决方案 - 总结” 的结构，观点明确，逻辑清晰；
- 论据需结合 “家庭、学校、社会” 等多维度实例，增强说服力与全面性；
- 结尾段升华主题，避免泛泛而谈，体现对社会问题的深度思考与人文关怀，符合博士研究生的学术视野。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸重庆工商大学博士研究生。
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