The rise of globalization... But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no... Michael Tenet... "Incomes in many countries stagnated and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been exacerbated..." George Frank... "Economic liberalization and globalization are a positive force in the long term..." Janice Yawe... "globalization is undermining her local culture and language..." Governments have had mixed responses... The United States is generally seen as an active proponent... other countries... have sought to reduce the impact...
- This text deals mainly with ______
[A] the positive and negative effects of globalization
[B] the rise of firms such as McDonald's
[C] different perspectives on globalization
[D] the extinction of certain languages
- 主旨定位与逻辑推导
原文围绕 “全球化” 展开,依次呈现不同群体的观点:迈克尔・特内特强调全球化加剧贫富差距、乔治・弗兰克认为全球化长期利大于弊、贾尼斯・亚维担忧全球化破坏本土文化语言、各国政府对全球化态度不一(美国支持、部分国家抵制)。文本核心并非单纯罗列利弊,而是整合多方立场,展现对全球化的多元视角,选项 C 精准概括主旨。
- 干扰项排除
- A “全球化的正负影响” 仅为文本部分内容,原文重点是 “不同群体对影响的看法”,而非直接评判影响本身;
- B “麦当劳等企业的兴起” 是文化全球化的举例,属于细节而非主旨;
- D “某些语言的消亡” 是贾尼斯・亚维的单一观点,仅为多元视角中的一个维度,无法概括全文。
- 学术扩展:考博英语阅读理解 “主旨题” 需关注 “多方观点整合” 特征,这类文本常通过不同人物、群体的立场碰撞构建主题,解题需跳出 “单一利弊判断”,聚焦 “观点多样性”,这是学术文本中 “争议性主题” 的典型呈现方式。
- I never do anything I have to do. I only do things I like doing, and in fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.
[A] fruitful [B] factor [C] completeness [D] healthy
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“wholesome” 意为 “有益健康的、积极向上的”,侧重 “对身心或道德有益”,与选项 D “healthy”(健康的、有益的)语义高度契合,句意为 “我只做自己喜欢的事,而事实上我喜欢做的事大多是有益身心的”,符合日常语境与学术表达规范。
- 干扰项排除
- A “fruitful” 意为 “富有成效的”,侧重 “产生成果”,如 “a fruitful discussion”,与 “事情对身心有益” 的语义无关;
- B “factor” 为名词 “因素”,而题干空格处需形容词修饰 “things”,语法词性不符;
- C “completeness” 为名词 “完整性”,同样与题干词性要求矛盾,语义也无法衔接。
- 学术扩展:“wholesome” 与 “healthy” 是考博英语高频近义词,二者在学术文本中可互换,但 “wholesome” 更强调 “全面有益(含身心、道德)”,“healthy” 侧重 “生理健康”,博士阶段写作需根据具体语境精准选择,这类近义词辨析是词汇题型的核心考点。
Contemporary technological reporting is full of accounts of communities in which people interact across regions or entire continents. Could such "virtual communities" eventually replace geographically localized social relations? There are reasons to suspect that, as the foundation for a democratic society, virtual communities will remain seriously deficient.
当代科技报道中充斥着各类社群的相关描述 —— 在这些社群中,人们跨越地区乃至大洲进行互动。这样的 “虚拟社群” 最终能否取代地理上本地化的社会关系?我们有理由怀疑,作为民主社会的基石,虚拟社群仍存在严重缺陷。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 定语从句处理:将 “communities in which people interact...” 译为 “社群的相关描述 —— 在这些社群中……”,用破折号拆分长句,避免中文表达冗长,同时用 “这些” 明确指代,逻辑更清晰;
- 疑问句转换:“Could such...replace...” 译为 “…… 能否取代……”,保持原文疑问语气,符合中文设问表达习惯;
- 语义补充:“geographically localized” 译为 “地理上本地化的”,精准传递 “基于地理空间的本地关联” 含义,避免直译 “地理局部的” 带来的语义偏差。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译:“virtual communities” 译为 “虚拟社群”(学术固定译法),“democratic society” 译为 “民主社会”,“seriously deficient” 译为 “存在严重缺陷”,语义精准且符合学术语境;
- 语义完整:无遗漏 “across regions or entire continents”(跨越地区乃至大洲)、“as the foundation for”(作为…… 的基石)等核心语义,忠实还原原文逻辑。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性:采用正式书面语,契合 “科技与社会” 的学术讨论语境,避免口语化表达;
- 语法严谨:准确传递 “怀疑虚拟社群作为民主社会基石存在缺陷” 的核心观点,语义无偏差,中文句式流畅自然。
Directions: Within 200 words, describe the following pie graph and explain the possible activities for each group of Internet users once they are online. Be sure to include the beginning, development and conclusion parts in your witing.
(图表提示:中国网民教育程度分布:高中及以下 13.9%;大专 25.5%;本科 30.9%;硕士及博士 27.1%;其他 2.6%)
The pie graph illustrates the educational background distribution of Internet users in China. Specifically, users with bachelor’s degrees account for the largest proportion (30.9%), followed by those with master’s or doctoral degrees (27.1%) and college diplomas (25.5%). Users with high school education or below make up 13.9%, while the remaining 2.6% fall into the "other" category. Overall, the data shows that over half of Chinese Internet users have a bachelor’s degree or higher, indicating a relatively high educational level among the group.
Different educational groups tend to engage in distinct online activities. Users with master’s or doctoral degrees are likely to focus on academic pursuits, such as accessing research papers, participating in academic forums, or collaborating with peers globally. Those with bachelor’s degrees may balance learning and entertainment, using the Internet for online courses, job hunting, and social media interaction. College diploma holders might prioritize practical needs, such as skill training, e-commerce shopping, and career-related information search. Users with high school education or below are more inclined to use the Internet for entertainment, including watching videos, playing games, and browsing short-form content.
In conclusion, the educational level of Chinese Internet users directly influences their online behavior. The diversity of activities reflects the varied demands of different groups, and this pattern is likely to persist as the Internet penetrates deeper into society. Understanding these preferences can help online service providers tailor their offerings to better meet user needs.
- 结构框架
- 开头段:描述图表核心数据 —— 本科及以上学历网民占比超半数,点明网民整体教育水平较高;
- 主体段:按 “硕士及博士→本科→大专→高中及以下” 的学历梯度,分析各群体的典型线上活动,结合教育背景推导行为逻辑(学术需求→平衡需求→实用需求→娱乐需求);
- 结尾段:总结 “教育水平影响线上行为” 的核心结论,指出需求多样性及对服务提供商的启示,升华主题。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇:使用 “illustrates”“distribution”“proportion”“academic pursuits”“penetrates” 等学术表达,提升专业性;
- 数据表达:通过 “account for”“followed by”“make up” 等短语精准描述占比,避免重复;
- 逻辑衔接:通过 “Specifically”“Overall”“Different”“In conclusion” 等连接词,构建清晰的 “描述 - 分析 - 总结” 逻辑链;
- 观点深刻:结合教育背景与行为需求的关联,体现博士研究生的 “数据 - 逻辑 - 启示” 思辨能力,而非单纯描述图表。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语图表作文 “数据准确、逻辑清晰、语言正式” 的要求,字数控制在 190 词左右,无冗余表述,完全契合题目要求。
- 社会热点类文章需关注 “多方观点整合”,精准捕捉不同群体的立场差异,避免片面理解;
- 针对 “全球化、科技发展、社会争议” 等主题进行专项训练,熟悉学术文本的表达逻辑与信号词(如 however、on the other hand、nevertheless);
- 提升 “主旨题” 解题能力,重点区分 “细节描述” 与 “主旨概括”,避免被单一观点误导。
- 积累学术高频近义词(如 wholesome/healthy、fruitful/productive),结合真题语境记忆其语义差异与使用场景;
- 强化 “词性判断” 能力,如题干空格需形容词时,直接排除名词选项(如本题中排除 factor、completeness),提升解题效率;
- 建立词汇错题本,重点突破 “近义词辨析 + 固定搭配” 考点,结合学术写作场景深化理解。
- 科技、社会类翻译需确保 “虚拟社群”“民主社会” 等术语精准,积累相关主题词汇;
- 处理英文长句时,合理拆分定语从句、状语从句,使用中文短句优化表达,保持逻辑连贯;
- 关注疑问句、否定句的语气转换,确保译文忠实还原原文情感与逻辑倾向。
- 图表作文需遵循 “数据描述 - 行为分析 - 结论升华” 的结构,数据描述简洁精准,分析部分结合背景逻辑;
- 论据需贴合群体特征(如高学历群体侧重学术需求),体现 “数据 - 特征 - 行为” 的关联,增强说服力;
- 运用学术化表达与逻辑连接词,提升文本专业性,符合博士研究生的学术写作要求。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法,考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力,助力顺利上岸中国农业大学博士研究生。