A type of cell that floats freely in the amniotic fluid surrounding a developing fetus has been found to have many of the same traits as embryonic stem cells, including an ability to grow into brain, muscle and other tissues that could be used to treat a variety of diseases... they remain stable for years without forming tumors, he added—something that embryonic cells are not very good at.
- ______ is not a trait of embryonic stem cells.
[A] Growing into brain tissue
[B] Using embryonic stem cells to treat a variety of diseases
[C] Causing a variety of diseases
[D] Growing into muscle tissues
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出胚胎干细胞的核心特征：“能分化为大脑、肌肉等组织，可用于治疗多种疾病”，但 “不太擅长长期稳定生长，易形成肿瘤”。选项 C “引发多种疾病” 在原文中无任何提及，且与 “用于治疗疾病” 的核心功能相悖，不属于胚胎干细胞的特征，故为正确答案。
- 干扰项排除
- A “分化为脑组织”、D “分化为肌肉组织” 均直接对应原文 “ability to grow into brain, muscle and other tissues”，属于胚胎干细胞的明确特征；
- B “用于治疗多种疾病” 是原文 “could be used to treat a variety of diseases” 的同义转述，体现胚胎干细胞的应用价值，属于其核心特质衍生的功能。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “否定类细节题” 需关注 “特征列举 + 反向排除” 逻辑，本题中原文通过 “including” 明确胚胎干细胞的正向特征，解题需逐一匹配选项与原文表述，排除 “无依据或反向” 表述。这类 “生物医学类文本” 常聚焦 “细胞特征、应用价值、研究进展”，需精准捕捉学术术语对应的核心信息。
- How successful people are in coping with a new culture ______ a host of factors, such as one's primary culture and the specific behavior that is being modified.
[A] are contingent on [B] is contingent on [C] contingent upon [D] being contingent upon
- 语法结构与语义适配
题干核心结构为 “主语从句 + 谓语 + 宾语”，主语是 “How successful people are in coping with a new culture”（人们应对新文化的成功程度），属于单数概念，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。“is contingent on” 意为 “取决于、视…… 而定”，精准契合 “成功应对新文化取决于多种因素” 的语境逻辑。
- 干扰项排除
- A “are contingent on” 谓语动词为复数，与单数主语主谓不一致，语法错误；
- C “contingent upon” 为形容词短语，缺少谓语动词，无法构成完整句子；
- D “being contingent upon” 为现在分词短语，同样不能单独作谓语，导致句子结构不完整。
- 学术扩展：“be contingent on/upon” 是考博英语高频学术短语，常用于描述 “因素间的依赖关系”，如 “Research results are contingent on sufficient data collection”（研究结果取决于充足的数据收集）。博士阶段学术写作中，这类短语可精准传递 “条件 - 结果” 的逻辑关联，需重点掌握主谓一致等语法搭配细节。
从 1992 年到 2003 年的 11 年间，这些科学家按照农民的方法种植水稻，控制一切可能妨碍取得良好收成的因素，但是并不包括温度和二氧化碳这两种因素，在研究所的农场，夜间平均温度比外面高出 1.8 华氏度，结果水稻产量平均下降了 10%。科学家就此得出的结论是：较热的夜晚可能会加快水稻的呼吸作用，并使其活动加剧并消耗能量。
Over the 11-year period from 1992 to 2003, these scientists grew rice in accordance with farmers' practices, controlling all factors that might hinder good harvests—with the exception of temperature and carbon dioxide. At the institute's farm, the average nighttime temperature was 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit higher than that outside, resulting in an average 10% drop in rice yield. Based on this, the scientists concluded that warmer nights may accelerate rice respiration, intensify its metabolic activities, and consume energy.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 时间状语处理：“从 1992 年到 2003 年的 11 年间” 译为 “Over the 11-year period from 1992 to 2003”，符合英文 “时间范围 + 时间跨度” 的表达习惯；
- 转折关系转换：“但是并不包括” 译为 “with the exception of”，比 “but not including” 更具学术正式性，用破折号衔接，逻辑更清晰；
- 因果关系强化：“结果” 译为 “resulting in”，明确温度升高与产量下降的因果关联，符合科技文本的逻辑表达要求。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“按照农民的方法” 译为 “in accordance with farmers' practices”（“practices” 比 “methods” 更贴合农业生产场景），“呼吸作用” 译为 “respiration”（植物学学术术语），“代谢活动” 为补充语义，使 “活动加剧” 的表述更精准；
- 数据表达规范：“1.8 华氏度” 译为 “1.8 degrees Fahrenheit”，保留原单位，“平均下降了 10%” 译为 “an average 10% drop”，符合英文数据表述习惯。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用科技论文正式书面语，避免口语化表达，如 “就此得出的结论” 译为 “concluded that” 而非 “drew a conclusion that”；
- 语法严谨：定语从句 “that might hinder good harvests” 精准修饰 “factors”，比较级 “higher than that outside” 中 “that” 指代 “temperature”，避免语义重复，英文句式流畅连贯。
Directions: Write an essay no less than 200 words on the topic "Agricultural technology plays an important part in the building of the new countryside". Your composition should be based on the outline: 1) Technology is very important when it comes to agriculture; 2) An example(s) should be given to illustrate your point(s); 3) State your own views.
Agricultural Technology: A Cornerstone of New Countryside Construction
The building of the new countryside has become a key strategic goal in rural development, and agricultural technology stands as an indispensable cornerstone in this process. In modern agriculture, technology is no longer a supplementary tool but a core driver that optimizes production efficiency, improves product quality, and enhances rural competitiveness. Without technological support, it would be difficult to achieve the transformation from traditional to modern agriculture, let alone realize the goals of rural prosperity and farmer well-being.
A typical example is the promotion of hybrid rice technology in southern China. Developed by Chinese scientists, hybrid rice varieties have significantly increased grain yield per unit area—from 300 kg per mu in traditional planting to over 600 kg. This technology not only ensures national food security but also liberates farmers from heavy manual labor. With the support of supporting technologies such as precision irrigation and organic fertilizers, hybrid rice planting has reduced water and fertilizer waste, achieving ecological and economic benefits. In addition, the popularization of agricultural drones for pest control has replaced traditional manual spraying, improving efficiency by 5-10 times while reducing pesticide residues, which helps upgrade the quality of agricultural products and expand market access.
From my perspective, agricultural technology’s role in new countryside construction extends beyond production. On one hand, it promotes industrial upgrading—for example, deep processing technology of agricultural products turns raw grains into nutritious food and health products, increasing agricultural added value. On the other hand, digital agricultural technologies such as intelligent greenhouses and farmland monitoring systems bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, attracting young talents to return to the countryside and injecting vitality into rural development. To maximize its potential, the government should increase investment in agricultural R&D and strengthen technology promotion, ensuring that farmers can master and apply advanced technologies. Only in this way can agricultural technology truly become a powerful engine for building a prosperous, beautiful, and modern new countryside.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明核心观点 —— 农业技术是新农村建设的核心驱动力，强调其对农业转型、农村繁荣的关键作用；
- 主体段：以杂交水稻技术、农业无人机应用为例，从 “产量提升、效率优化、品质升级” 三个维度论证技术的实际价值，实例具体且贴合农业场景；
- 结尾段：升华观点，指出技术在 “产业升级、人才回流” 中的延伸作用，提出 “政府加大研发与推广投入” 的建议，呼应新农村建设的宏观目标。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “indispensable cornerstone”“core driver”“optimizes”“precision irrigation”“added value”“intelligent greenhouses” 等学术与农业专业词汇，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “An example is”“In addition”“On one hand”“On the other hand” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 实例适配：选取杂交水稻、农业无人机、数字农业等典型案例，贴合中国农业科学院考博的专业背景，体现学术针对性；
- 观点深刻：不局限于 “技术提升产量” 的单一维度，延伸至产业升级、人才吸引等深层价值，展现博士研究生的系统思维。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 230 词左右，论证兼顾理论与实例，无冗余表述，完全契合题目要求。
- 农业、生物类科技文本需关注 “研究对象 - 特征 - 应用价值” 的核心逻辑链，精准捕捉学术术语对应的具体信息；
- 针对 “否定类细节题”，重点训练 “原文特征列举 + 选项反向排除” 能力，避免被无依据表述误导；
- 积累农业科技、生物医学类高频学术词汇（如 respiration、yield、hybrid、precision irrigation），提升文本理解效率。
- 重点积累 “依赖关系、因果关联” 类学术短语（如 be contingent on、result in、contribute to），结合真题例句记忆搭配；
- 强化 “主谓一致、非谓语动词” 等语法考点，避免因语法错误影响句子完整性，如本题中主语从句的谓语单复数判断；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “学术短语 + 语法结构” 的结合考点，结合农业、科技类语境深化理解。
- 农业类翻译需确保 “杂交水稻、精准灌溉、呼吸作用” 等专业术语精准，积累相关主题词汇；
- 处理中文长句时，合理拆分 “时间 - 行为 - 结果” 的逻辑层次，使用英文分词、定语从句等结构优化表达，保持科技文本的严谨性；
- 关注数据表述的规范性，保留原单位，确保数字与语义的准确对应。
- 农村发展类写作需结合农业科技实例（如杂交水稻、数字农业），体现专业视野与针对性；
- 遵循 “观点 - 实例 - 升华” 的结构，实例需具体且有数据支撑（如产量提升比例、效率优化幅度），增强说服力；
- 运用学术化表达与逻辑连接词，提升文本专业性，符合博士研究生的学术写作规范。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国农业科学院博士研究生。
您现在的位置： 