—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，2007 年秋季中国科学技术大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、词汇、完形填空、翻译、写作等核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Studying science within a social and political context is not part of current scientific training in the U.S. Instead, scientists believe that they are studying "knowledge for knowledge's sake." They work within a social structure of competition and reward that encourages pursuit of recognition of colleagues and prestige at the expense of humanness.
Scientists undergo long years of training. PhD students, for example, do approximately 3-5 years of post-undergraduate work and frequently an additional 2-3 years of post doctoral study before starting a job at the lowest level of the so-called professional order. From the beginning the scientist is trained in the scientific method, which teaches one to isolate an object for study, to analyze its internal workings, to formulate laws about it. Both the isolation of the object and the method used to examine it, i.e. looking at parts rather than the whole, reinforce piecemeal rather than comprehensive thinking.
-
Which of the following would a "professional" scientist show the most concern for?
A. The long-term social effect of his theories.
B. Application of his theories to social situation.
C. Formulation of theories based on analysis.
D. The connection of his theories with other subjects.
-
According to the author, in the profession of science
A. scientists respect each other's opinions.
B. scientists welcome criticism from non-scientists.
C. the competition between scientists is encouraged.
D. young scientists are trained to be blindly obedient.
-
Birds do not perspire. A constant stream of fresh air flows all through the body by means of the air sacs.
A. swarm B. snooze C. sweat D. sniff
-
By the time of the American Revolution there were daily newspapers in most cities and weeklies in smaller towns. Each of them was unafraid to engage in intelligent and often vehement debate on public issues.
A. offensive B. fervent C. intrusive D. assertive
It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
Directions: Use about 250 words to present your views on the topic "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning." Use relevant reasons and examples to support your views.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对 “专业科学家核心关注点” 的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文提到科学家接受的训练是 “隔离研究对象、分析内部运作、制定相关规律”，核心是基于分析构建理论。选项 [C]“基于分析构建理论” 与该训练核心一致，故选 [C]。
[A]“理论的长期社会影响”、[B]“理论在社会场景的应用” 均为原文提到的科学训练未涉及的 “社会语境相关内容”；[D]“理论与其他学科的关联” 强调整体性，与原文 “侧重部分而非整体” 的训练特点相悖，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦对科学行业内部环境的推导。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到科学家 “在竞争与奖励的社会结构中工作”，即科学行业鼓励科学家之间的竞争，故选 [C]。
[A]“科学家尊重彼此观点”、[B]“科学家欢迎非科学家的批评” 与原文 “忽视非科研领域的质疑” 相悖；[D]“年轻科学家被训练得盲目服从” 未在原文提及，原文仅强调层级结构，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦日常词汇的同义替换。
- 答案详解：划线词 “perspire” 意为 “出汗”，四个选项中 [A] swarm（蜂拥）、[B] snooze（打盹）、[C] sweat（出汗）、[D] sniff（嗅闻），仅 [C] 与划线词语义一致，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦学术与社会场景中的语义匹配。
- 答案详解：划线词 “vehement” 意为 “激烈的、热烈的”，修饰 “辩论”。四个选项中 [A] offensive（冒犯的）、[B] fervent（热烈的、激烈的）、[C] intrusive（侵入的）、[D] assertive（坚定的），仅 [B] 符合 “辩论” 的语境语义，故选 [B]。
外面的世界充满风险。出门可能会在门垫上滑倒摔断腿，点燃炉子可能会烧毁房子。幸运的是，如果门垫或炉子没有就即将到来的危险发出警告，一场成功的诉讼或许能为你弥补损失。自 20 世纪 80 年代初以来，人们一直是这样认为的 —— 当时陪审团开始让更多公司为消费者的不幸承担法律责任。
- 考点定位：本题考查生活类文本英译汉，核心考查句式简洁、语义连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“rough world” 译为 “充满风险的世界”（贴合语境，避免直译 “粗糙的世界”），“hold liable for” 译为 “为…… 承担法律责任”（法律场景规范表达），“lawsuit” 译为 “诉讼”，符合文本语义。
- 句式优化：拆分原文短句并列结构，用中文短句对应，如 “出门可能会…… 点燃炉子可能会……”，保持节奏流畅；将非限制性定语从句 “when juries began...” 译为破折号引导的分句，逻辑更清晰，符合中文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “世界风险多、产品未警示可索赔、80 年代后公司需担责” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差，语气贴合原文客观描述风格。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦思辨类议论文写作，核心考查对 “观点一致与分歧对学习的影响” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Do We Learn More from Similar Minds or Contradictory Views?
I disagree with the view that we learn more from people with similar views than from those with contradictory ones. On the contrary, disagreement often stimulates in-depth thinking and promotes comprehensive learning, while shared views may limit our horizons.
Firstly, contradictory views challenge our existing 认知 and force us to re-examine our own ideas. For example, in academic discussions, when peers question our research methods or conclusions, we are motivated to verify data, supplement evidence, and even adjust our research frameworks. This process not only corrects potential biases but also deepens our understanding of the subject. Secondly, different views provide diverse perspectives. A business team discussing a marketing strategy can benefit greatly from conflicting opinions: some may emphasize traditional channels, while others advocate for digital marketing. Integrating these views helps formulate a more comprehensive and feasible plan. Although disagreement may cause temporary stress, it is not an obstacle to learning but a driving force for growth.
In conclusion, learning from people with contradictory views enables us to gain diverse insights, correct mistakes, and develop critical thinking. While shared views can provide emotional comfort and mutual confirmation, they are less likely to promote in-depth learning. To achieve substantial progress, we should embrace different opinions and treat disagreement as an opportunity for self-improvement.
- 结构：遵循 “明确反对观点 — 分述理由（挑战认知、提供多元视角）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 250 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “学术讨论”“商业策略制定” 等具体案例，论据充分，辩证分析分歧与共识的作用；
- 语言：使用 “stimulate in-depth thinking, verify data, supplement evidence, critical thinking” 等精准词汇，句式多样（让步状语从句、定语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为 2007 年秋季中国科学技术大学考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取、词汇的语义匹配、翻译的句式优化及写作的辩证逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
中国科学技术大学考博真题是中国科学技术大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考中国科学技术大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。中国科学技术大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
