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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，南京航空航天大学考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patters or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers.
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The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in_.
A) sound patterns
B) vocabularies
C) grammatical structures
D) both A and B
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The author says that professional linguists recognize that _.
A) Western languages are superior to Eastern languages
B) All languages came from grunts and groans
C) The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
D) There is no hierarchy of languages
Michael Jordan, a basketball player in whom commentators have discerned aristocratic qualities and supernatural powers, has retired from the game that made him one of the world's best known and best paid sportsmen. Last week's announcement was premature by most people's measurement - Jordan is 30 and at the height of his playing and earning power - but it was not, by his own account, taken hastily, or rashly. "This is," he said, with a rare stumble, " the perfect timing for me to walk away." After three championships with the Chicago Bulls, a second gold medal with the US team at the 1992 Olympics, Jordan felt his motivation slipping away. "I'm at the pinnacle," he told a thronged press conference. "I just feel I don't have anything else to prove."
Directions: Write a composition on the topic "On Information Security" with at least 200 words.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对不同语言差异维度的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patters or grammatical structures... but only in their vocabularies”，明确未开化群体的语言仅在词汇上落后于西方语言，故选 [B]。
[A]“语音模式”、[C]“语法结构” 均被原文否定，[D]“两者都” 不符合文意，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息理解，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对语言学家观点的准确把握。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages”，直接对应 “语言之间没有内在的等级之分”，故选 [D]。
[A]“西方语言优于东方语言” 与原文 “无等级之分” 相悖；[B]“所有语言都源于咕哝声” 是过去人们的想法，非语言学家的认知；[C]“语言等级难以理解” 未在原文提及，故排除。
迈克尔・乔丹，一位被评论员们赋予贵族气质与超凡能力的篮球运动员，已宣布从这项让他成为全球最知名、收入最高的运动员之一的运动中退役。按大多数人的标准来看，上周的退役声明有些为时过早 —— 乔丹年仅 30 岁，正处于运动生涯与赚钱能力的巅峰时期 —— 但据他本人表示，这一决定并非仓促之举。“此刻，” 他罕见地顿了一下说道，“是我退出的最佳时机。” 在随芝加哥公牛队赢得三次总冠军、于 1992 年奥运会上随美国队斩获第二枚金牌后，乔丹感到自己的动力正在消退。“我已站在巅峰，” 他在人头攒动的新闻发布会上表示，“我只是觉得自己再无任何需要证明的东西了。”
- 考点定位：本题考查人物类文本英译汉，核心考查定语从句、插入语、并列结构的翻译及语义连贯性，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 定语从句 “in whom commentators have discerned...” 译为 “被评论员们赋予…… 的”，将从句转化为中文定语前置结构，更符合表达习惯；
- 插入语 “by most people's measurement”“by his own account” 译为独立分句 “按大多数人的标准来看”“据他本人表示”，使逻辑更清晰；
- 短语 “at the height of” 译为 “处于…… 巅峰”，“slipping away” 译为 “消退”，“thronged press conference” 译为 “人头攒动的新闻发布会”，精准传递原文语义；
- 人物语言保留口语化特征，如 “罕见地顿了一下”“再无任何需要证明的东西了”，贴合语境。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “信息安全” 问题的分析与观点表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
On Information Security
With the rapid development of digital technology, information security has become an increasingly prominent issue affecting individuals, enterprises and even nations. From personal data leakage to corporate trade secret theft, information security risks have penetrated every aspect of social life, posing severe threats to public interests and social stability.
The causes of information security problems are diverse. For individuals, weak security awareness, such as using simple passwords or disclosing personal information randomly online, makes it easy for hackers to exploit vulnerabilities. For enterprises and institutions, inadequate investment in information security technology and imperfect management systems leave loopholes for cyber attacks. Additionally, the lack of sound relevant laws and regulations and the lag of law enforcement also make it difficult to effectively curb illegal acts such as information infringement.
To address information security challenges, joint efforts from all sectors of society are needed. Individuals should enhance security awareness, form good online habits, and learn basic protection skills. Enterprises and institutions must strengthen technical research and development, improve security defense systems, and establish strict information management mechanisms. The government should accelerate the improvement of relevant legal systems, strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and severely punish illegal acts that endanger information security. Only through such multi-dimensional cooperation can we build a safe and reliable information environment and promote the healthy development of the digital society.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出问题 — 分析原因 — 给出对策” 的逻辑，层次清晰，贴合议论文写作规范；
- 内容：从个人、企业、政府三个维度分析原因与对策，论据全面，符合 200 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “prominent, penetrate, vulnerabilities, loopholes, infringement” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为南京航空航天大学 2007 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位、翻译的句式转换与语义优化、写作的逻辑构建与内容充实，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
南京航空航天大学考博真题是南京航空航天大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考南京航空航天大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。南京航空航天大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
