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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，武汉理工大学 2016 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言转换与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britain's new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the government's $1.4 billion e-government program has been online payment for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedure, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsoft's co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet.
"The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsoft's net technology," said Andrew Pinder, the government's e-envoy. "This is a key piece of infrastructure, brought in on time and on budget,"he said.
The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1,000 staff dedicated to government business.
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The e-government software is part of Microsoft's ______.
A. enterprise software business
B. most profit-making products
C. secure transaction technology
D. most sophisticated technology
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Two years ago, the e-government program was still impossible due to the lack of ______.
A. advanced hardware
B. efficient servers management
C. the language protocol XML
D. research funding
中国人讲究 "义利相兼，以义为先"。中非关系最大的 "义"，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策。
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words with a self-designed title. Comment on the phenomenon that some Chinese tourists exhibit uncivilized behaviors during overseas travel.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对微软电子政务软件所属业务板块的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government”，即电子政务软件的成功实施对微软 “企业软件业务” 是一次重大成功，说明该软件属于这一业务板块，故选 [A]。
[B]“最盈利产品”、[D]“最复杂技术” 未在原文提及；[C]“安全交易技术” 是该软件的技术属性，而非所属业务类别，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节因果关系，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对电子政务项目过往无法实施的原因的精准推断。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away”，随后解释关键技术是 “XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms”，即 XML 语言协议解决了系统集成的核心问题，反推两年前因缺乏该技术，项目无法实施，故选 [C]。
[A]“先进硬件”、[B]“高效服务器管理”、[D]“研究资金” 均未被提及为过往项目无法实施的原因，故排除。
The Chinese adhere to the principle of "balancing righteousness and benefit, with righteousness first". The greatest "righteousness" in China-Africa relations is to boost Africa's development through China's own development, and ultimately achieve mutual benefit, win-win results and common development. China supports Africans in solving African problems in African ways, and advocates adopting a comprehensive approach to address security issues by tackling both symptoms and root causes.
- 考点定位：本题考查政经类文本汉译英，核心考查固定表达、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 固定表达精准：“义利相兼，以义为先” 译为 “balancing righteousness and benefit, with righteousness first”（标准译法）；“互利共赢、共同发展” 译为 “mutual benefit, win-win results and common development”；“标本兼治、综合施策” 译为 “tackling both symptoms and root causes”“adopting a comprehensive approach”，符合时政文本表达规范。
- 句式优化：将中文短句整合为英文复合句，用 “The greatest 'righteousness'” 衔接上下文，“and” 连接并列谓语，使句式流畅，避免零散。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “以非洲方式解决非洲问题”“安全问题标本兼治” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “海外旅游不文明行为” 的批判与反思能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Civilized Behavior: The Basic Code for Overseas Travel
With the improvement of living standards, more and more Chinese citizens are traveling abroad, becoming a vivid symbol of China's national strength. However, occasional uncivilized behaviors such as littering, loud talking in public places, and defacing cultural relics have not only affected the travel experience of others but also damaged China's international image.
The root causes of these behaviors are diverse. On one hand, some tourists lack awareness of cultural differences and regard bad habits formed in daily life as trivial, ignoring the norms and customs of the destination country. On the other hand, the lack of pre-travel education and guidance makes some tourists unaware of the inappropriateness of their behaviors. For example, some people do not know that many foreign museums prohibit taking photos or speaking loudly, leading to unnecessary conflicts.
To change this situation, joint efforts are needed. Firstly, individuals should enhance their sense of civilization and learn about the cultural customs and public norms of the destination before traveling. Secondly, travel agencies should strengthen pre-travel education, reminding tourists of civilized travel etiquette. Finally, relevant departments can formulate relevant guidelines and strengthen publicity to guide tourists to behave properly.
In conclusion, overseas travel is not only a personal experience but also a window for foreign countries to understand China. Every tourist should abide by civilized norms, take care of the environment and cultural relics, and be a qualified "cultural messenger" to show the good image of Chinese people to the world.
- 结构：遵循 “提出问题 — 分析原因 — 给出对策 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：结合乱扔垃圾、公共场所喧哗等具体案例，论据贴合现实，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “vivid symbol, cultural relics, national image, sense of civilization, etiquette” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为武汉理工大学 2016 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取与因果推断、翻译的时政术语精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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