—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作等核心模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为 2015 年南京林业大学考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
Today, world leaders are discussing climate change and what, if anything, can be done to combat global warming. Extreme weather conditions have brought home the fact that our climate is changing—and changing fast. It may be easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution. "Think global and act local", said Friends of the Earth founder David Bower. In many small but important ways we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin:
Count your food miles. What you eat and where you buy it affect global emissions. Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions, so it is madness to fly out-of-season vegetables across the world to supermarkets. We should lobby supermarkets for a system of classifying food according to the distance traveled: 0 for local food, 1 for British, 2 for Europe, and 3 for international.
Turn off anything that winks at you. A video recorder on standby uses almost as much electricity as one playing a tape. Turn down the thermostat by one degree, not leaving TV and music centers on standby, turning off lights, putting lids on cooking pots, and only half-filling kettles can cut energy consumption by 39%, saving your money as well as saving the planet.
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In the first paragraph, the author tries to emphasize
A. his concern over climate change
B. his optimism in finding a way out
C. the necessity of global actions
D. the difficulty in reaching an agreement
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Which conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 2?
A. Centralized distribution of food is highly efficient and cost-effective.
B. Organic food from abroad is better than food produced locally.
C. Supermarkets do a great job of offering a wide selection of goods.
D. It's better for us consumers to shop in local farmers' markets.
"Automation" has been and still is, a greatly misused word, but its proper meaning, and therefore its implications, is gradually becoming better understood. Perhaps I could attempt an explanation, if not a definition, by saying that it is a concept through which a machine-system is caused to operate with maximum efficiency by means of adequate measurement, observation, and control of its behavior.
Directions: Write in about 250 words a short essay on the topic "In Many Cases, Perseverance Is Importance". You should clearly state your argument, support your argument and draw a natural conclusion.
- 考点定位：本题考查段落主旨提炼，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦作者开篇传递的核心态度与观点。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution” 及 “we can make a difference”，作者明确强调人类虽制造了气候问题，但也有解决办法，传递出积极乐观的态度，故选 [B]。
[A]“对气候变化的担忧” 仅为背景铺垫，非核心强调内容；[C]“全球行动的必要性” 与 “Think global and act local” 中 “局部行动” 的核心不符；[D]“达成共识的困难” 未在第一段提及，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对段落核心逻辑的延伸推导。
- 答案详解：
第二段核心观点为 “减少食物运输里程以降低碳排放”，批判了 “跨国运输反季节蔬菜” 的行为，由此可推断作者支持购买本地食物，即 “在本地农贸市场购物更优”，故选 [D]。
[A]“集中式食品配送高效划算” 与段落批判运输污染的逻辑相悖；[B]“国外有机食品优于本地食品” 未提及且与文意相反；[C]“超市提供多样商品值得肯定” 并非段落重点，段落强调超市需完善食品分类体系，而非夸赞其商品选择，故排除。
“自动化” 一词过去是、现在依然是一个被严重误用的词汇，但其确切含义以及由此带来的影响，正逐渐被人们更好地理解。或许我无法给出一个严格的定义，但可以尝试作出解释：自动化是一种理念，通过对机器系统的运行状态进行充分的测量、观察与控制，使其以最高效率运转。
- 考点定位：本题考查科技类文本英译汉，核心考查长句拆分、词性转换及语义连贯性，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- “greatly misused word” 译为 “被严重误用的词汇”，精准传递否定意味；“implications” 结合语境译为 “影响”，避免直译 “暗示” 的生硬感；
- 长句 “it is a concept through which...” 拆分译为 “自动化是一种理念，通过…… 使其……”，符合中文短句表达习惯；
- “operate with maximum efficiency” 译为 “以最高效率运转”，“by means of” 译为 “通过”，简洁准确；
- 保留 “测量、观察与控制” 的并列结构，保证科技文本的严谨性。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦观点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “坚持的重要性” 的论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
In Many Cases, Perseverance Is Important
Perseverance, the quality of sticking to a goal despite difficulties, is widely recognized as a key to success. In many cases, it is not talent or luck but perseverance that enables people to overcome obstacles and achieve their aspirations. This is especially true in academic research, career development and personal growth.
In academic fields, perseverance is indispensable for making breakthroughs. Researchers often face repeated failures in experiments or thesis writing. For example, Madame Curie spent years of painstaking work extracting radium from tons of pitchblende, enduring poor working conditions and countless setbacks. Without her unwavering perseverance, the discovery of radium would have been impossible. Similarly, in daily study, students who persist in accumulating knowledge and practicing skills are more likely to achieve excellent academic results than those who give up easily.
In career development, perseverance helps people weather challenges and seize opportunities. Many successful entrepreneurs experienced numerous failures before achieving success. Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba, faced rejections from multiple companies and investors in the early days, but he persisted in his vision and kept improving his business model. Eventually, he built a global e-commerce empire. This shows that perseverance allows people to stay focused on long-term goals and turn setbacks into valuable experiences.
In conclusion, perseverance is a vital quality that paves the way for success. Whether in study, work or life, we may encounter various difficulties, but as long as we stick to our goals and never give up, we will eventually overcome challenges and realize our dreams.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分论点论证 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点明确；
- 内容：以居里夫人科研、马云创业两个典型案例为论据，覆盖学术与职业场景，论据充分且具有说服力，符合 250 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “indispensable, painstaking, unwavering, weather challenges” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、强调句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为 2015 年南京林业大学考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的主旨提炼与推理判断、翻译的句式转换与语义精准、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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