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考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦词汇辨析、阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为华东理工大学 2005 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
- Mr. Bridges mentioned briefly several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic _______.
A. touched off B. touched down C. touched on D. touched up
- Ted got a better job and left the school before Mrs. Wolcox had him expelled.
A. disgraced B. degraded C. executed D. ejected
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area.
The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage--a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
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Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were ___ .
A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic
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After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ .
A. medical help became available for industrial workers.
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution.
C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.
D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely
Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese.
Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried Allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to "jeep," from the pronunciation of the letters GP, and became a trademark owned by the Willys company.
Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition of about 200 words on the topic How To Solve The Energy Problem. You must base your composition on the following outline:
- Energy is one of the biggest problems most concerned by the people.
- One of the solutions to the problem is severe conservation of natural resources.
- The best way to solve the problem is to develop new sources of energy.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词短语词义辨析，是词汇部分的高频考点，考查对 “提及话题” 相关短语的精准运用。
- 答案详解：
选项分析：
- [A] touched off：意为 “触发、引爆”，侧重引发某种反应（如 touched off a debate）；
- [B] touched down：意为 “（飞机）着陆、降落”，特指交通工具的落地；
- [C] touched on：意为 “提及、涉及”，侧重简要提到某个话题，符合语境 “演讲中简要提及其他几个话题，主要围绕主题”；
- [D] touched up：意为 “修饰、润色”，多用于修改作品或妆容，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的基础考点，考查对 “驱逐、开除” 语义的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
题干中 “expelled” 意为 “开除、驱逐”，需选择语义相近的选项。
选项分析：
- [A] disgraced：意为 “使蒙羞”，侧重名誉受损；
- [B] degraded：意为 “降级、使堕落”，侧重地位或品质下降；
- [C] executed：意为 “执行、处死”，语义不符；
- [D] ejected：意为 “驱逐、逐出”，与 “expelled” 语义一致，符合语境 “在被威尔科克斯夫人开除前离职”，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对早期手术器械特征的推断。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks... Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years.”，即数千年来手术器械仅为石头、骨头、金属刀、橡胶和塑料等，直到 20 世纪 60 年代才有激光技术革新，可见此前的器械是 “基础的、简单的”。
- [A]“时尚的”、[B]“非凡的”、[C]“特殊的” 均与原文描述的 “简单工具” 不符，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节推理，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对激光技术对手术影响的把握。
- 答案详解：
原文明确指出激光 “revolutionize the art and science of surgery”（彻底改变外科手术的技艺与科学），且后文提到 “无刀、无缝合、无额外损伤”“复杂手术可尝试” 等，说明人类对待手术的整体方式发生了彻底改变。
- [A]“工业工人获得医疗帮助” 未提及；[B]“艺术研究经历彻底革命” 混淆 “surgery” 与 “art”；[C]“越来越多外科医生开始使用手术器械”，原文强调的是 “使用激光这一新器械”，而非 “开始使用器械”，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦复合句与文化术语翻译，核心考查 “date back to”“stemmed from”“trademark” 等短语，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 时间状语处理：“Historically” 译为 “在历史上”，“dates back to the Second World War” 译为 “其美名可追溯到二战期间”，符合中文表达习惯；
- 定语从句拆分：将 “when” 引导的定语从句译为独立分句 “当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场”，逻辑更清晰；
- 术语精准：“General Purpose vehicle” 译为 “多功能车”，“trademark” 译为 “商标”，“corrupted” 译为 “误发”，准确传达名称演变过程；
- 语义连贯：补充 “这种美名”“而后” 等连接词，使译文流畅自然。
参考译文：在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普” 这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做 GP（即 “多功能车” 之意）。而后，GP 这两个字母的读音被误发成为 “吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦问题解决型议论文写作，核心考查对 “能源问题” 的论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
How To Solve The Energy Problem
Energy is one of the most pressing issues concerning people worldwide. With the rapid development of industry and the growth of population, the demand for energy is soaring, while traditional natural resources such as oil and coal are depleting at an alarming rate. The energy crisis has become a major threat to global development, making it urgent to find effective solutions.
One crucial solution is the severe conservation of natural resources. At present, a great deal of energy is wasted in daily life and industrial production. Therefore, we should promote energy-saving habits among individuals, such as using energy-efficient appliances and reducing unnecessary consumption. Meanwhile, industries should optimize production processes to cut down energy waste. Conservation can slow down the drain of limited resources and buy time for the development of new energy.
However, conservation alone is not sufficient. The best way to address the energy problem is to develop new sources of energy. Renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower are clean and inexhaustible. Governments and enterprises should invest more in research and development to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of new energy technologies. By replacing traditional fossil fuels with renewable energy, we can achieve sustainable development and ensure a stable energy supply for the future.
In conclusion, solving the energy problem requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Through a combination of conservation and the development of new energy, we can overcome the crisis and build a more sustainable world.
范文解析：
- 结构：严格遵循 “提出问题 — 分点论证（节约资源 + 开发新能源）— 总结升华” 的 outline 要求，逻辑清晰，层次分明；
- 内容：论据贴合主题，既阐述了节约资源的具体措施，也强调了新能源开发的重要性，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “pressing, soaring, depleting, optimize, renewable, sustainable” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为华东理工大学 2005 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇短语的积累、阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑推理、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的结构优化与内容充实，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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