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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中南林业科技大学 2011 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、词汇结构、完形填空、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与逻辑表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
How fast is your personal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that sets the basic rhythm used throughout the machine. A computer with a speed of one gigahertz, for example, the crystal ticks a billion times a second. Every action of the computer takes place in tiny steps, each a billionth of a second long.
Because most modern computers use a single rhythm, we call them synchronous. Inside the computer's microprocessor chip, a clock distribution system delivers the timing signals from the crystal oscillator to the various circuits, just as sound in air delivers the beat of drum to soldiers to set their marching pace.
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What determines the rhythm of the personal computer?
A. An alarming clock
B. A crystal oscillator
C. Complex calculations
D. The clock's timing signals
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Why does the author mention sound in air in the second paragraph?
A. To illustrate the timing signals are delivered in a similar way sound travels in air.
B. To show us that timing signals' speed can be as fast as that of sound.
C. Because the wave of timing signals is similar to the sound wave.
D. Because sound is delivered by timing signals.
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Here is one of the most interesting novels that ______ been published ______ the war.
A. has ... so far
B. have ... after
C. have ... since
D. has ... since
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His extravagance reduced him ______.
A. to beg
B. from begging
C. to begging
D. into begging
工业和车辆向大气排放大量的废气，造成了严重的空气污染。
Directions: Write a letter to your new employer. Explain your situation, describe your problems, and tell him/her when you think you can start. You should write at least 120 words.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，核心聚焦 “计算机节奏的决定因素”，是阅读理解的基础考点。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “人们询问电脑速度时，实际指的是电脑内部的晶体振荡器，它设定了整个机器的基本节奏”，直接对应选项 [B]。
[A]“闹钟”、[C]“复杂计算” 未提及；[D]“时钟定时信号” 是晶体振荡器的衍生产物，非核心决定因素，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查写作手法，聚焦 “举例类比的目的”，是阅读理解的高频考点。
- 答案详解：原文将 “时钟分配系统传递定时信号” 类比为 “空气中的声音传递鼓声节奏”，目的是说明两者传递方式相似，帮助读者理解，故选 [A]。
[B]“强调速度相当”、[C]“波形相似”、[D]“声音由定时信号传递” 均与原文类比逻辑不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查主谓一致与介词用法，核心聚焦 “定语从句主谓一致” 和 “since 的用法”，是语法部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：定语从句先行词为 “novels”（复数），从句谓语动词需用复数形式 “have”；“since + 时间点” 表示 “自…… 以来”，与现在完成时搭配，符合语境 “自战争以来出版的小说”，故选 [C]。
[A][D] 主谓不一致；[B]“after” 与现在完成时搭配不当，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查固定搭配，核心聚焦 “reduce sb. to doing sth.” 的用法，是词汇部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：“reduce sb. to doing sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “使某人陷入…… 境地”，“to” 为介词，后接动名词。语境为 “他的挥霍使他陷入乞讨的境地”，故选 [C]。
[A]“to beg”（不定式）、[B]“from begging”、[D]“into begging” 均不符合固定搭配，故排除。
Industry and vehicles emit large amounts of waste gas into the atmosphere, causing serious air pollution.
- 考点定位：本题考查环境类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“排放废气” 译为 “emit waste gas”，“大气” 译为 “atmosphere”，“空气污染” 译为 “air pollution”，符合环境类文本规范；
- 句式优化：用现在分词 “causing” 作结果状语，体现 “排放废气” 与 “空气污染” 的因果关系，句式简洁自然；
- 语义完整：完整保留 “主体 — 动作 — 对象 — 结果” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦职场沟通类书信写作，核心考查情境表达的准确性与逻辑性，是考博英语写作的常见考点。
- 答案详解：
Dear [Employer's Name],
I am writing to sincerely apologize for the delay in my scheduled start date. I had planned to join your team as scheduled, but an unexpected family emergency has disrupted my plans. My elderly mother suddenly fell ill and requires my immediate care, which has made it impossible for me to report to work on time.
I have arranged for a professional caregiver to assist with my mother's daily care, and the doctor informed me that her condition will stabilize in about two weeks. I have completed all the preliminary preparations for the new role, including reviewing relevant work materials and familiarizing myself with the team's workflow. I assure you that I will catch up with the work progress as soon as I join.
I hope to start working on [specific date, e.g., October 20th]. Please let me know if this arrangement is acceptable or if there are any adjustments needed. I apologize again for any inconvenience caused and appreciate your understanding.
- 结构：遵循 “道歉说明 — 问题描述 — 解决方案与预期入职时间” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合书信格式要求；
- 内容：明确说明 “家庭紧急情况” 的核心问题，提供具体解决方案与明确入职时间，体现责任感；
- 语言：使用 “sincerely apologize, unexpected emergency, stabilize, preliminary preparations” 等职场正式表达，语气礼貌得体。
以上仅为中南林业科技大学 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节提取、语法的固定搭配、翻译的术语精准及写作的情境适配，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
中南林业科技大学考博真题是中南林业科技大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考中南林业科技大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。中南林业科技大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
