—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生招生考试的核心公共科目，聚焦阅读理解、翻译及写作等综合语言应用能力，对考生的英语学术素养与应试能力具有关键考查意义。以下为中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 2020 年考博英语真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、本专业课全套真题及深度解析，可通过本页面顶部专属栏目选购，助力系统备考。
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a president's social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
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According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on_____
A) the justification of the news-filtering practice.
B) people's preference for social media platforms.
C) the administration’s ability to handle information.
D) social media was a reliable source of news.
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The phrase “beef up”(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A) sharpen B) define C) boast D) share
- Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
- (单单是人类如何思考就已经复杂到无法理解), let alone reproduced.
Directions: Write a composition on the topic “My View on the Trade War Between the U.S. and China" with at least 200 words.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦细节理解，是阅读理解的核心考点，考查对年轻美国人对社交媒体新闻态度的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “超过三分之二的美国年轻人不认可特朗普总统使用推特发布消息”，且 “对所有媒体的不信任感上升”，说明年轻人对社交媒体作为新闻来源的可靠性产生怀疑。
- [A]“新闻过滤做法的合理性”、[B]“人们对社交媒体平台的偏好”、[C]“政府处理信息的能力” 均未在段落中提及，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦词义猜测，是阅读理解的基础考点，考查对语境中短语含义的推断能力。
- 答案详解：
前文提到 “虚假新闻泛滥，人们对媒体不信任感上升”，后文提到 “这种趋势十分必要”，结合语境可推断 “beef up” 意为 “提升、加强”，与 “sharpen”（提升、使敏锐）语义一致。
- [B]“定义”、[C]“吹嘘”、[D]“分享” 均不符合语境，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦英文复合句翻译，核心考查定语从句、宾语从句的处理及 “undermining”“collapse” 等关键词，是翻译部分的重点考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心短语：“continuing failure to deal with” 译为 “持续未能应对”，“environmental declines” 译为 “环境恶化”，“undermining” 译为 “破坏、削弱”，“world food economy” 译为 “全球粮食经济”，“collapse” 译为 “崩溃”；
- 句式拆分：将 “that are undermining the world food economy” 定语从句译为独立分句 “这些恶化正破坏着全球粮食经济”，将 “that such a collapse is possible” 宾语从句译为 “这种崩溃是有可能发生的”，使中文表达流畅；
- 语义完整：准确传达 “因未能应对环境恶化对粮食经济的破坏，推断崩溃可能发生” 的核心含义。
参考译文：我们持续未能应对环境恶化问题，而这些恶化正破坏着全球粮食经济，这迫使我得出结论：这种崩溃是有可能发生的。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦汉语复杂句式翻译，核心考查 “单单是…… 就……”“复杂到无法理解” 等表达，是翻译部分的高频考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 核心表达：“单单是” 译为 “Merely how”，“人类如何思考” 译为 “humans think”，“复杂到无法理解” 译为 “too complex to understand”，“let alone” 译为 “更不用说”，“reproduced” 译为 “复制（此处指模拟重现）”；
- 句式调整：将汉语感叹式结构译为英文陈述句，用 “Merely how” 引导主语从句，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义精准：完整传达 “人类思考的复杂性难以理解，更无法模拟重现” 的核心含义。
参考译文：Merely how humans think is already too complex to understand, let alone reproduced.
- 考点定位：本题聚焦热点话题类议论文写作，核心考查对中美贸易战的辩证分析与观点表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
My View on the Trade War Between the U.S. and China
The trade war between the U.S. and China has attracted global attention, affecting not only the two countries but also the world economy. In my opinion, this trade conflict is harmful to both sides and goes against the trend of globalization, while cooperation is the only viable solution.
On one hand, the trade war brings no benefits to either country. For the U.S., imposing high tariffs has raised the cost of imported goods, increasing the burden on American consumers and enterprises. Many U.S. companies that rely on Chinese raw materials or markets have suffered losses. For China, export-oriented enterprises face greater pressure, and economic growth has encountered certain resistance. On the other hand, in the era of economic globalization, the two economies are highly interdependent. The trade war disrupts global supply chains, hinders technological exchanges, and undermines the stability of the world economy.
To address this issue, both sides should return to the negotiating table. They need to respect each other's development paths and core interests, and resolve disputes through equal dialogue. China has always adhered to the principle of mutual benefit and win-win results, and is willing to work with the U.S. to promote healthy trade relations. Meanwhile, the international community should encourage cooperation and oppose trade protectionism.
In conclusion, the trade war is a lose-lose game. Only through cooperation and mutual understanding can the U.S. and China achieve common development and contribute to global economic stability.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “表明观点 — 分析危害 — 提出解决方案 — 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰；
- 内容：从两国及全球视角分析贸易战的负面影响，解决方案具体可行，符合 200 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “interdependent, disrupt, hinder, mutual benefit, win-win results, trade protectionism” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 2020 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、专业课考博真题及配套详细答案详解，可通过本页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位与逻辑分析、翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的辩证思维与结构优化，建议考生结合完整真题强化综合应用能力，高效备战考试。
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