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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 2011 年考博英语涵盖词汇与结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作五大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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After the good harvest, the young farmer ______ 2,000 Yuan in the bank.
A. set aside B. saved C. drew D. deposited
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The chairman of the committee moved that their regular meeting for this month ______.
A. be postpone B. would be postponed C. should postpone D. was postponed
Have you ever given much thought to how old age and loneliness seem to go together? I know, it's not a very popular subject, but I think we younger adults, who are close enough to being "older" to fret about it sometimes, ought to stop long enough during this holiday season to do something special for someone who's older.
Older drinkers are often not aware of their body's deceased tolerance to alcohol. Alcohol is a potentially addicting substance, and since older people are more susceptible to sedative - hypnotic drugs, tolerance to alcohol may develop more rapidly. They ratio of body fat to body water increases with age, and alcohol is almost completely soluble in water. The amount of alcohol consumed per body weight by older persons results in higher alcohol concentrations in the blood and brain.
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Younger adults should do something special for the old because ______.
A. younger adults have a lot of free time during holiday seasons
B. old people need someone to drink together with
C. old people are suffering from loneliness and boredom
D. younger adults are getting older and older
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Alcohol can be very dangerous to the elderly because ______.
A. they drink it every day
B. they drink it with drugs
C. they drink it alone
D. their bodies are less tolerant of it
当你知道并不是年龄使你丧失记忆力之后，你可能会大吃一惊。记忆差的原因可能是因为你 “懒” 得去记，而不是记忆力老化了。如同身体一样，你的记忆力可因锻炼而加强。科学家们相信，如果两侧大脑都得到了锻炼，我们的工作效率至少可以提高 75%。
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic "It Is Not Easy to Be a Man (Woman)". You should discuss different views and state your own opinion with reasons.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析，是词汇部分的核心考点，聚焦 “银行存款” 的语义搭配。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. set aside（留出、储存）侧重 “预留用途”；B. saved（节省、储蓄）为通用表述；C. drew（提取）与 “存款” 语义相反；D. deposited（存入）特指 “将钱存入银行”，是银行场景的固定搭配。语境为 “农民将 2000 元存入银行”，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查虚拟语气，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “move 后宾语从句” 的用法。
- 答案详解：“move” 表示 “提议” 时，其后宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，且 “meeting” 与 “postpone” 为被动关系，需用被动语态。选项中符合虚拟语气结构且表被动的为 [A]（正确形式应为 be postponed），故选 [A]。
[B]“would be postponed” 为过去将来时被动，不符合虚拟语气要求；[C]“should postpone” 为主动语态，逻辑不符；[D]“was postponed” 为一般过去时被动，无虚拟含义，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，聚焦对 “年轻人应关爱老人” 原因的精准捕捉。
- 答案详解：原文开篇即提到 “老年与孤独似乎密不可分”，后文补充提到老年人因孤独、无聊可能陷入酒精成瘾，明确指出年轻人应在假期为老人做些特别的事，核心原因是 “老人遭受孤独与无聊”，故选 [C]。
[A]“年轻人假期有很多空闲时间” 未提及；[B]“老人需要有人一起喝酒” 与原文 “反对老人饮酒” 的态度相悖；[D]“年轻人自己也在变老” 并非关爱老人的直接原因，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，聚焦 “酒精对老年人危险” 的原因。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “老年人往往没有意识到身体对酒精的耐受性下降”，且 “脂肪与水分的比例变化导致酒精在血液和大脑中浓度更高”，核心原因是 “身体对酒精的耐受性降低”，故选 [D]。
[A]“每天饮酒”、[B]“与药物同饮”、[C]“独自饮酒” 均未在原文中作为核心危险原因提及，故排除。
You may be greatly surprised to learn that it is not age that makes you lose your memory. The reason for poor memory may be that you are "lazy" to remember, rather than that your memory has aged. Just like the body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Scientists believe that if both sides of the brain are trained, our work efficiency can be improved by at least 75%.
- 考点定位：本题考查科普类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“丧失记忆力” 译为 “lose one's memory”，“记忆力老化” 译为 “memory has aged”，“两侧大脑” 译为 “both sides of the brain”，“工作效率” 译为 “work efficiency”，符合科普文本规范。
- 句式优化：将中文短句整合为逻辑连贯的英文分句，用 “it is not...that...” 强调句型传递 “并非年龄导致” 的核心语义；用 “rather than” 明确对比 “懒得记” 与 “记忆力老化”，避免句式堆砌；“如同身体一样” 译为 “Just like the body”，简洁自然。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “核心观点 + 原因分析 + 类比 + 科学结论” 的逻辑链条，无遗漏或偏差，准确传递原文内涵。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦性别话题类议论文写作，核心考查对 “男性与女性哪个更不易” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
It Is Not Easy to Be a Man (Woman)
There has been a long-standing debate over whether it is easier to be a man or a woman. Some people argue that being a man is more challenging, while others hold the opposite view. From my perspective, both genders face unique difficulties, but being a woman is relatively harder in modern society.
Firstly, women bear greater physical and emotional pressure. They not only shoulder the responsibility of childbirth and raising children, which brings enormous physical pain and time consumption, but also need to balance family and career. In the workplace, women often encounter gender discrimination, such as lower salaries for the same work and fewer opportunities for promotion. Secondly, women are more likely to face social stereotypes. They are expected to be gentle, considerate and family-oriented, which restricts their personal development and choices.
However, this does not mean that men's lives are easy. Men are usually expected to be the main breadwinners and show no weakness, which also brings great mental stress. But compared with women, men face fewer barriers in career development and less pressure from family and society in terms of role expectations.
In conclusion, both men and women have their own struggles. Society should respect the differences between genders and eliminate gender discrimination, so that everyone can live and work in a fair and inclusive environment.
- 结构：遵循 “引出争议 — 阐述女性更不易的原因（生理情感压力、社会刻板印象）— 补充男性的困境 — 总结呼吁” 的逻辑，层次清晰，符合 120 词要求；
- 内容：结合 “生育养育、职场歧视、社会刻板印象” 等具体现象，论据充分，贴合现实；
- 语言：使用 “gender discrimination, career development, social stereotypes, inclusive environment” 等精准词汇，句式多样（宾语从句、定语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的场景搭配、语法的虚拟语气应用、阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的科普术语规范及写作的辩证逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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