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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，西安交通大学 2011 年考博英语涵盖完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed, not letting any of the food (1)__the plate, using the knife only for cutting, and not trying to take food across the table.
A. fall on B. fall in C. fall off D. fall out
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Tables and chairs (7)__the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house (8)_at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do.
A. are using B. have replaced C. take away D. take on
Every American high-school student may or may not hope to go to college, but if he does, depending on how much he wants to, he probably can. At any rate, six out of ten high-school graduates go to college, not all of them go immediately. Lack of money, the Armed Forces, an attractive job, illness, anyone of a hundred reasons, common and uncommon may hold some out for a year, or two, or five, but they too will go eventually. Some of them will go to four-year colleges, some to junior colleges, some to technical institutes. And the number will climb. In ten years seven out of ten high-school graduates will go, and in twenty years four out of five.
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Which of the following is the least possible reason that may hold a high-school graduate out for a number of years before he goes to college?
A. His service in the army.
B. The problem of age.
C. The problem of money.
D. His poor health.
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In twenty years time, how many high school-graduates will go to college?
A. Seven out of ten.
B. Five out of ten.
C. Four out of five.
D. Six out of ten.
从科学和艺术的区别看，管理应该更像艺术。管理心理学者发现，一个人的管理能力同他年轻时负面的生活经历有正相关。正是根据上述对管理的认识，可以得出这样的结论，MBA 的文凭不是管理者的执业证书，拿到 MBA 证书的人必须与学工程、法律、电脑的人，以及第一线的工段长们竞争管理者的职位。
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on your opinion about making friends through QQ or other instant messaging systems. Choose one option from the given views and support your position with adequate materials.
- 考点定位：本题考查动词短语辨析，聚焦餐桌礼仪场景的语义匹配，是完形填空部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：四个短语含义分别为：A. fall on（袭击；降临）；B. fall in（集合；塌陷）；C. fall off（掉落；脱落）；D. fall out（争吵；脱落）。语境为 “不让食物从盘子上掉落”，“fall off” 贴合 “食物脱离盘子” 的语义，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词及短语辨析，聚焦生活场景的语义逻辑，是完形填空部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. are using（正在使用）；B. have replaced（已经取代）；C. take away（拿走）；D. take on（承担；呈现）。语境为 “桌椅已经取代了过去的坐垫”，强调过去与现在的替代关系，“have replaced” 符合时态与语义逻辑，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节排除，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对阻碍上大学原因的精准识别。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到阻碍高中毕业生立即上大学的原因包括 “缺钱、服兵役、诱人的工作、疾病”，对应选项 [A][C][D]。而 “年龄问题” 未被提及，是最不可能的原因，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对未来数据信息的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “In twenty years four out of five”，即二十年后五分之四的高中毕业生会进入大学，故选 [C]。
From the perspective of the differences between science and art, management should be more like art. Management psychologists have found that a person's management ability has a positive correlation with their negative life experiences in youth. Based on the above understanding of management, we can draw the conclusion that an MBA diploma is not a practicing certificate for managers. Those who hold an MBA certificate must compete with professionals in engineering, law, computer science, as well as front-line foremen for management positions.
- 考点定位：本题考查社科类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“管理心理学者” 译为 “management psychologists”，“正相关” 译为 “positive correlation”，“MBA 文凭” 译为 “MBA diploma”，“执业证书” 译为 “practicing certificate”，“工段长” 译为 “front-line foremen”，符合学术文本表达规范。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分重组，如 “一个人的管理能力同他年轻时负面的生活经历有正相关” 译为 “a person's management ability has a positive correlation with their negative life experiences in youth”，避免英文句式冗长；用 “Based on” 衔接逻辑，使语义连贯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “MBA 文凭非执业证书”“需与多领域人才竞争管理岗位” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社交类议论文写作，核心考查对 “网络交友可信度” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Trustworthiness of Online Friendships: Depends on Interaction and Caution
Nowadays, making friends through QQ and other instant messaging systems has become a common social phenomenon. Regarding its trustworthiness, I agree with the view that it depends on the initial purpose and the way of pursuing the relationship. Online friendships are neither inherently untrustworthy nor completely the same as traditional ones; their reliability is shaped by mutual interaction and personal caution.
Firstly, the initial purpose determines the foundation of online friendships. If people make friends online with sincere intentions—such as sharing hobbies, exchanging knowledge or seeking emotional comfort—they are more likely to build trustworthy relationships. For example, many academic enthusiasts meet on professional QQ groups, discuss academic issues regularly, and eventually develop reliable friendships that even extend to offline interactions. However, if the purpose is to deceive, defraud or seek improper interests, the relationship is bound to be untrustworthy, which is also true in traditional social scenarios.
Secondly, the way of maintaining the relationship affects its trustworthiness. Trust is built through long-term mutual understanding and mutual assistance. Online friends can enhance trust by sharing real life experiences, keeping promises and offering help when needed. For instance, during the pandemic, many online friends supported each other by sharing epidemic prevention materials and psychological comfort, proving that online friendships can be as reliable as traditional ones. Meanwhile, necessary caution is essential. We should not easily disclose personal sensitive information such as bank card numbers or home addresses, and should verify the other party's identity appropriately before deepening the relationship.
In conclusion, online friendships are not inherently untrustworthy. Their reliability depends on whether both parties have sincere intentions and how they maintain the relationship. With sincere purposes and proper caution, we can gain valuable friendships through online platforms, which enrich our social life and bring positive energy.
- 结构：遵循 “明确立场 — 分点论证（初始目的、相处方式）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，辩证客观；
- 内容：结合学术交流群、疫情期间互助等具体案例，论据充分，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “trustworthiness, mutual interaction, sincere intentions, sensitive information, verify identity” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为西安交通大学 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重完形填空的短语搭配、阅读理解的细节提取、翻译的术语精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
西安交通大学考博真题是西安交通大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考西安交通大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。西安交通大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
